Retzow (Lychen)

Retzow City of Lychen Coordinates: 53 ° 13 ′ 44 ″  N , 13 ° 15 ′ 55 ″  E
Height :	73 m
Incorporation :	December 31, 2001
Postal code :	17279
Area code :	039888

Retzow is a district of the town of Lychen in the Uckermark district ( Brandenburg ). The medieval town was destroyed in 1440 and not rebuilt afterwards. The Feldmark was not settled again until the beginning of the 18th century. Until it was incorporated into the city of Lychen in 2001, Retzow was an independent municipality. At the end of 2000 it had 293 inhabitants.

Detail from the Urmes table sheet 2745 sheet Lychen from 1825. Street village with church ruins and pitch oven (Pech O.)

location

Retzow is approx. 4 km northwest of the core town of Lychen, 73 m above sea level. The Uckermärkische Radrundweg runs through the village from Lychen to Hasselförde (Gem. Feldberger Seenlandschaft , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ).

The Bohmshof , Kastaven , Sähle and Wurlgrund residential areas are in the Retzow district . The Neukrug establishment, which was demolished in 1905, was located in the Retzow district within today's boundaries, but at that time it belonged to the Neuthymen estate. The area around Retzow also includes the Kleine Kastavensee , the Krumme See , the Kleine Köllnsee and the Große Köllnsee .

history

Retzow was first mentioned in a document in 1320 ( Retzouue ). According to Sophie Wauer , there are two possible explanations of the name; both assume an original personal name. On the one hand from an old Polish basic form * Ryčov- = place of a Ryč. The personal name is derived from aplb. * ryčeti = roar or * ryč = roar, e.g. B. the so. Personal name Ryčan. On the other hand, an old Polish basic form would be * Rys'ov = place of a Rys, or place where lynxes occur. In this case, the personal name is derived from * rys = lynx (cf. old Polish personal name Ryś, old Czech Rys or old Russian personal name Rysik). The adjectives derived from * rys also have the meaning Sorbian * rysy = fox red, Czech * rysý = reddish. According to the village form, Retzow is a (new) street village.

In 1320 the Lychen citizen Johann Schreiber ( Scriver ) donated the tenancy of 16 Hufen in the amount of eight talents Brandenburg Pfennige to the Heilig-Geist-Hospital in Lychen to establish a vicarie. Shortly before, in the Peace of Templin in 1317 , the states of Stargard and Lychen had finally fallen to Mecklenburg. As a result, the land Lychen was also combined with the land Stargard. In 1408 the ownership share (16 hooves) of the Lychen citizen Schreiber was sold to the Himmelpfort monastery. Overall, the field mark was divided into 40 hooves. The 24 remaining Hufen came to the city of Lychen by 1580. The medieval village of Retzow was destroyed in the feuds between Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and Pomerania in 1440 and was never rebuilt. The field mark was still used.

In 1527 the 16 Hufen of the Himmelpfort monastery were cultivated by the Rutendorf farmers. In 1580 the Rutendorf farmers cultivated the Lychen part of the Retzow field, the Himmelpfort part was now plowed by the Badingen and Himmelpfort rulers themselves. In 1593 the Heilig-Geist-Spital in Lychen received income from nine (!) People from 18 (!) Ritzowischen Newen Huffen . The pastor of Lychen also had an income of 8 florins from 16 Hufen on the Retzow field. In 1595 the Mecklenburg princes claimed the border area, u. a. also the villages and desert field marks Beenz, Linow, Rutenberg, Kristzou and Kastaven, since they all lay on Stargardian land. The claims were denied. In 1701 the city of Lychen signed a contract with Hans Peter and Mathis Fischmann that they took the desert Feldmark Retzow back into culture. The Feldmark had 40 Hufen, of which 16 Hufen belonged to Badingen and Himmelpfort and 24 Hufen to the City of Lychen. The hooves had been completely overgrown since the Thirty Years' War. Before that, the farmers of Rutenberg had cultivated the 16 hooves of the estate, the Lychener had cultivated their 24 hooves. In 1713 the contract seems to have been implemented, because Mathis Fischmann now lived on Retzow and did arable farming. In 1745 Retzow is referred to as a Freidorf, which belonged to the Lychen Church. In 1773 the Badingen office signed a contract with the half-farmer Utpott from Retzow to build a tar oven in Lychenschen Winkel (which belonged to the Badingen office). This resulted in today's Woblitz residential area in the Himmelpfort district , a district of the town of Fürstenberg / Havel . In 1775 the village had five farmers, two cottagers and eight Büdner, so 15 "fire places" (= households) and 80 inhabitants. In 1780, the 16 Hufen of the Badingen Office were still managed by the Rutenberg farmers who had to pay the rent for them. In 1795 a jug was also made, the so-called Neuenkrug; it was on the Himmelpfort part of Retzow. In 1801, a lime kiln was also built on Himmelpfort's part of the Wurlgrund. However, this went back in 1839. In the Urmes table sheet from 1825, a tar oven is recorded directly at the place.

In 1840 there were 13 houses in the village, in 1860 there were already 15 houses, three public buildings and 33 farm buildings, including a tar stove. The mention of two crewmen and two line weavers with two chairs for the year 1861 is astonishing. In 1900, 21 houses were recorded and in 1931 there were 49 houses. After the Second World War, 566 hectares were expropriated during the land reform of 1948 and given to landless peasants and farm workers, resettlers, peasants with little land and the like. a. distributed. In 1954 a type III LPG was formed, which in 1958 had 33 members and farmed 228 hectares. On January 1, 1960, the Retzow and Rutenberg LPGs were merged to form the Retzow-Rutenberg LPG. In 1978 this merged with LPG Beenz.

Population development from 1774 to 2000

year	Residents
1744	80
1801	108
1817	117
1840	129
1858	174
1895	167
1925	208
1939	345
1946	403
1985	307
1995	256
2000	293

Political history

The village belonged to Terra Lychen and shared its history. In 1317 Retzow became part of Mecklenburg along with the rest of Lychen. Only with the Peace of Wittstock in 1442 did the southern parts of the state of Lychen come back to Brandenburg. In 1320 the Lychen citizen Johann Schreiber ( Scriver ) donated the tenancy of 16 Hufen to the Heilig-Geist-Hospital in Lychen. It is unclear whether the village also belonged to him. The Duke of Mecklenburg, who in 1393 a. a. Had to pledge leaseholds and beds in Retzow. In 1408 the ownership share of Johannes Schreiber was sold to the Himmelpfort monastery. At the end of the 16th century two ownership shares can be identified; the ownership share of the Himmelpfort monastery with 16 hooves and the ownership share of the town of Lychen with 24 hooves, which was left to the church in Lychen before 1719. With the secularization of the Himmelpfort monastery, the monastery part came to the rulers of Badingen and Himmelpfort , and in 1727 to the Badingen office . In 1815 the two parts were united. With the formation of the districts in the Mark Brandenburg, Retzow came to the Uckermärkischer Kreis , in 1818 Retzow came to the Templin district , which also survived the district reform of 1952 with the formation of the new Templin district . On January 1, 1961, Retzow was incorporated into Rutenberg. The incorporation was reversed on May 6, 1984.

In the course of the formation of offices, Retzow merged with Beenz , Rutenberg and the city of Lychen to form the Lychen office . With the district reform after the fall of the Wall in Brandenburg, the Templin district became part of the new Uckermark district. As of December 31, 2001, Retzow was incorporated into the city of Lychen together with Beenz and Rutenberg and has been part of the city of Lychen ever since. The Lychen office was dissolved at the same time.

Ruins of the 13th century stone church in the medieval village of Retzow, which was destroyed in 1440

Church conditions

The medieval town of Retzow was a church village, as the ruins of a medieval stone church at the southern end of the village show. The new village of Retzow was or is churched after Lychen.

Monuments

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg only lists one monument for Retzow:

• the Retzow church ruins

supporting documents

literature

• Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part VIII Uckermark. 1210 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1986 ISBN 3-7400-0042-2 (p. 809–811)
• Sophie Wauer: Brandenburg name book. Part 9. The place names of the Uckermark. 391 p., Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1996 ISBN 3-7400-1000-2 (p. 204)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Main statute of the city of Lychen from July 6, 2009 PDF
2. ↑ ^{a b} Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 7.15 pm District Uckermark PDF
3. ^ Service portal of the Brandenburg State Administration - City of Lychen
4. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, XIII. Band, Die Uckermark: Lychen, Zehdenik, Templin, Angermünde, Chorin Monastery; Uckermark documents. Berlin, Reimer 1857 Online at Google Books (p. 65, no. 72)
5. ↑ to 1971 from the historical local dictionary
6. ↑ from 1971 from the historical municipality register
7. ^ Formation of the Lychen office. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of October 6, 1992. Official Journal for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 3, Number 82, October 26, 1992, p. 1926.
8. ^ Incorporation of the communities of Beenz, Retzow and Rutenberg into the city of Lychen. Announcement of the Ministry of the Interior of December 10, 2001. Official Journal for Brandenburg Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 12, 2001, Number 52, Potsdam, December 27, 2001, p. 902 PDF
9. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg. Uckermark district. Status: December 31, 2011 PDF ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

• Lychen OT Retzow on Uckermark information
• Retzow church ruins
• Retzow Uckermark (description of the Retzow church ruins)