RhB Gem 4/4
| RhB Gem 4/4 | |
|---|---|
 Train with Gem 4/4 802 in its original condition above Lago Bianco (1980s)
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| Numbering: | 801 and 802 |
| Number: | 2 |
| Manufacturer: | SLM , SWS , BBC , MFO |
| Year of construction (s): | 1966 |
| Axis formula : | Bo 'Bo' |
| Gauge : | 1000 mm ( meter gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 13 890 mm |
| Width: | 2,700 mm |
| Service mass: | 50 t |
| Top speed: | 65 km / h |
| Installed capacity: | Before conversion: 2 × 485 kW After conversion: 2 × 709 kW |
| Hourly output : | Electric: 680 kW Thermal (before conversion): (926 kW) Thermal (after conversion): 1 418 kW |
| Starting tractive effort: | 192 kN |
| Hourly traction: | 106 kN |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 920 mm |
| Motor type: | Electric: series motor. Thermal: Cummins |
| Power system : | 1 kV = |
Gem 4/4 is the series designation for the two two -engine locomotives of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB) .
history
The two Gem 4/4 were to be procured as universal locomotives, to replace steam locomotives and a railcar damaged in a fire. The locomotives should be able to be used in diesel-electric operation on the entire RhB network. In addition, all-electric operation should be possible on the Bernina Railway.
Originally the Furka-Oberalp-Bahn was also interested in such a locomotive. For cost reasons, however, the Furka-Oberalp-Bahn ordered a locomotive that is only designed for pure diesel operation. Nevertheless, the HGm 4/4 , which were delivered to the Furka-Oberalp-Bahn a year later, are closely related to the Gem 4/4 of the RhB.
The companies SLM , SWS , BBC and MFO were involved in the construction of the 13.54 m long, 50 t heavy machine . The two locomotives were handed over to the RhB in 1968 after a relatively long development period of five years.
construction
The 1,968 put into operation bogie locomotives with numbers 801 and 802 are equipped with two diesel engines with direct current - generator and can therefore catenary independently operate on the entire route network.
When the locomotives went into operation they were red with silver ventilation grilles. Between 1986 and 1987 they were adapted to the color scheme that has been in effect since then: gray-brown frame, red box with a bilingual logo and the Bündner cantonal coat of arms.
Mechanical part
The mechanical part was supplied by SLM . For reasons of simple maintenance and economy, some parts are identical to the ABe 4/4 II . So were z. B. the bogies including the traction motors and the braking system.
Electrical part
Parts of ABe 4/4 II have also been adopted for the electrical part. B. the control electronics are almost identical and the four drive motors have also been adopted.
Operational use
One locomotive is at home in Pontresina and one in Poschiavo .
Since commissioning, the main area of use has been on the Bernina Railway, where the two-motor locomotives can often be seen in mixed double traction with multiple units ( ABe 4/4 II or ABe 4/4 III ). They also take over construction train and snow clearing services on the entire RhB network.
From 1973 to 1981 the two Gem 4/ 4s were reserved for the transport of the Bernina Express each summer . They took over the wagons going through to Tirano in Samedan from the St. Moritz express train and carried them in diesel traction to Surovas or Bernina Diavolezza, where they switched to direct current operation. Then the machines carried the train on to Tirano. Today, this type of operation would be considered hybrid traction .
After platform 3 in Pontresina was equipped with a switchable contact line section, the direct cars from Chur travel with the main network locomotive to Pontresina under 11 kV alternating current. After the stop, the locomotive is disconnected and the contact line section is switched to 1000 V direct current. Then the locomotives of the Bernina Railway (mostly railcars of the type ABe 4/4 II or ABe 4/4 III or mixed with the Gem 4/4) are maneuvered to the train. After the scheduled stop of 7 minutes, the journey continues under direct current over the Bernina.
Snow removal
In addition to the double traction with the aforementioned railcars, the Gem can also be remotely controlled by the Xrot et electric snow blowers .
The snow blowers can either be fed directly from the mains voltage of 1 kV DC voltage or from a Gem 4/4. In the second case, one of the two diesel engines including the generator of the Gem 4/4 is used to supply the snow blower with electricity. The Gem and the Xrotet are connected to each other via a cable. The second diesel engine including the generator is used to move the locomotive and the snow blower.
In this combination, the electric snow blowers of the Bernina Railway can be used on the entire RhB network. Since the delivery of the new diesel-powered snow blowers for the Bernina line , the Gem have also been used for their traction.
List of Gem 4/4
| Company number | Surname | Installation | Revision |
|---|---|---|---|
| 801 | Capricorn | 1968 | 2002 |
| 802 | marmot | 1968 | 2003 |
Conversions
In 2000, locomotive 801 in the main workshop in Landquart was completely renovated after a fire damage. The following components were changed:
- The two driver's cabs were separated and replaced by new ones. The driver's desk has been adjusted so that it now corresponds to that of the Ge 4/4 III .
- The diesel engines were replaced by new ones with 709 kW each, also 12-cylinder Cummins engines.
- The driver's cabs were each extended by 22 cm.
- The control electronics were replaced by a microprocessor-controlled one.
- Air conditioning was installed in the driver's cab.
The locomotive 802 was also rebuilt in 2002/03.
Since this revision, the Gem has been presented in the radiant RhB red again. The two copies can be distinguished - apart from the company numbers - by the silver logo on the side , which shows an ibex at 801 and a marmot at 802 .
literature
- Eric Kröpfli: The modernization of the two-power locomotives Gem 4/4 801–802 of the Rhaetian Railway. In: Swiss Railway Review. 6/2001
- Wolfgang Finke, Hans Schweers: The vehicles of the Rhaetian Railway 1889-1998 . Volume 3: Locomotives, railcars, tractors. Schweers + Wall, Aachen 1998, ISBN 3-89494-105-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. RhB Gem 4/4 801–802
- ↑ http://www.berninamodell.ch/vorbild/triebfahrzeuge/gem44801802/index.html
: Steam engines G 3/4 · G 2x2 / 2 · G 2/2 + 2/3 · G 2/3 + 2/2 · G 4/5
Electric locomotives: Ge 2/2 · Ge 3/3 · Ge 2/4 · Ge 4/4 I · Ge 4/4 II · Ge 4/4 III · Ge 4/6 · Ge 6/6 I ( "crocodile") · Ge 6/6 II · Ge 4/4 181 · Ge 4/4 182
Two-motor locomotives: Gem 4/4
Diesel: Gm 3/3 · Gm 4/4 · Gmf 4/4 · Gmf 4/4 II
Railcar: ABe 4/4 · ABe 4/4 (main network) · ABe 4/4 I · ABe 4/4 II · ABe 4/4 III · ABe 8/12 (“Allegra”) · ABe 4/16 (“STZ “) · ABe 4/16 (“ Capricorn ”) · ABDe 4/4 · Be 4/4 · De 2/2 · De 4/4
Tractors: Te 2/2 · Tm 2/2 · Tmf 2/2
Snow blowers: Xrot d 9211 and 9212 · Xrot d 9213 and 9214 · Xrot e · Xrot et · Xrot m · Xrot mt
Control car: ABt / ABDt · At · BDt · Bt · low-floor control car
Passenger Cars: Mitteleinstiegswagen cars · Einheitswagen I · FFA Umbauwagen · Einheitswagen II · Einheitswagen III · Mark IV · Panoramawagen · Heavy steel cars · Observation Car · Albula Gliederzug