Rhaphiolepis
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Rhaphiolepis is a genus in the subtribe the maloideae (Pyrinae) within the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). The 9 to 15 species of the genus are common in eastern Asia .
description
Appearance and leaves
Rhaphiolepis species grow as evergreen shrubs or small trees . The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are stalked short. The leathery leaf blades are simple. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. The awl-shaped stipules fall off early.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are in terminal, racemose or paniculate inflorescences . The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The flower cup (hypanthium) is bell-shaped or tubular. The five sepals are erect or curved back. The five short nailed petals are white or pink. There are 15 to 20 stamens . The two lower carpels each contain two erect ovules. The two or three styluses are only fused at their base.
Fruits and seeds
As a genus within the Pyrinae, the fruits look like small apples. The small, almost spherical apple fruits turn bluish to purple-black when ripe and contain only one or two seeds. The early falling sepals leave a wreath-shaped ring on top of the fruit. The relatively large, nearly spherical seeds have a thin seed coat and the embryo has two thickened, plano-convex or hemispherical cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
Systematics and distribution
The genus Rhaphiolepis was added to the Botanical Register by John Lindley in 1820 ; consisting of colored ... , 6, p. 468 first described , there written Raphiolepis . The type species is Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. ex Ker.
The genus Rhaphiolepis belongs to the Untertribus Pyrinae from the tribe Pyreae in the subfamily Spiraeoideae within the family Rosaceae .
In the genus Rhaphiolepis there are 9 to 15 species that are common in eastern Asia . There are seven species in China, three of them only there.
Types (selection):
- Rhaphiolepis delacourii André (= Rhaphiolepis indica × Rhaphiolepis umbellata )
- Rhaphiolepis ferruginea F.P. Metcalf : Its two varieties thrive on slopes, valleys, open forests, on the roadside and on the banks of flowing waters at altitudes between 300 and 600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi and Hainan .
- Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. ex Ker : It occurs in several varieties in China , Vietnam , Cambodia , Laos , Thailand , Taiwan and Japan .
- Rhaphiolepis integerrima Hook. & Arn. : It occurs in Taiwan and on the Japanese Ryūkyū Islands .
- Rhaphiolepis lanceolata Hu : It thrives in open forests on slopes and in open shrubbery in valleys at altitudes between 400 and 1,500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Hainan and perhaps Guangdong.
- Rhaphiolepis liukiuensis (Koidz.) Nakai
- Rhaphiolepis major Cardot : It thrives in dense, shady forests and bushes by flowing water at altitudes between 200 and 300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, in southern Jiangsu , in Jiangxi and in Zhejiang .
- Rhaphiolepis salicifolia Lindl. : It occurs in China and Vietnam.
- Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino : It occurs naturally in eastern Zhejiang, Taiwan and Japan.
- Rhaphiolepis wuzhishanensis W.B. Liao, RH Miao & Q.Fan : The species was not described until 2007. This endemic occurs only on Mount Wuzhi Shan in the immediate vicinity of the city of Wuzhishan in the Chinese province of Hainan . It thrives there in the forest near the summit at altitudes between 1700 and 1800 meters.
use
Some varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens in warm temperate to subtropical zones.
The fruits of Rhaphiolepis indica have a diameter of about 8 mm and can be eaten. A flour was made from the seeds of Rhaphiolepis umbellata in times of great need.
swell
- Gu Cuizhi & Stephen A. Spongberg: Rhaphiolepis , pp. 141–143 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and Saint Louis, May 1, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8 (Section Description, Distribution and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ First publication with board scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Rhaphiolepis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Rhaphiolepis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Fan Qiang, Liao Wen-bo & Miau Ru-huai: A New Species of Rhaphiolepis (Rosaceae) from Hainan Island, China , In: Novon, Volume 17, Issue 4, 2007, p. 429. doi : 10.3417 / 1055- 3177 (2007) 17 [429: ANSORR] 2.0.CO; 2
- ↑ Rhaphiolepis indica entry in Plants for A Future .
- ↑ Rhaphiolepis umbellata entry in Plants for A Future .
