Rose Graham

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Rose Graham (born August 16, 1875 in the London borough of Marylebone , † July 29, 1963 in London) was a British church historian .

She was the eldest of four children of the upholsterer and cabinet maker William Edgar Graham and his wife Jane nee. Newton. Rose attended Notting Hill High School for Girls, founded two years earlier . In 1894 she entered the also recently founded Oxford College for Women Somerville College , where she studied "Modern History" (in Oxford the history after AD 300 ). When women were able to acquire academic degrees in Oxford from 1920 onwards , she became Bachelor of Arts, Master or Arts and in 1929 Doctor of Letters , the German Dr. phil. corresponding. Your last Oxford teacher was the historian Reginald Lane Poole (1857-1939).

The mother encouraged her to continue doing research instead of becoming a teacher. Her field of work became the church history of the Middle Ages. In 1901 she published her first book, about St. Gilbert of Sempringham and the Order of the Gilbertines . She traveled a lot, often with her mother, especially in Burgundy and Alsace . One of the fruits of these trips was an exquisitely illustrated book about the abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Vézelay - she considered him the greatest - Pons (Pontius) de Montboissier , abbot from 1138 to 1161. She did research on the Cluniac reform as well as the Grammontenses and both British monasteries . For the Canterbury and York Society she was the files ( registra ) of the Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Winchelsey (about 1245-1313). One of the first established scholars in the UK, she studied women's rights over the past centuries: “Both proponents and opponents of expanding women's rights often use historical arguments; however, errors are sometimes taken from obsolete sources. "

One of the fruits of her travels in Alsace was her particular interest in the Order of Antonites . In 1927 she wrote extensively about his house on London's Threadneedle Street . In the essay she added pictures of St. Anthony the Great from the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar . So she was predestined to publish a manuscript “Life of St. Anthony the Great” from 1426 for the Roxburghe Club, which was long forgotten at the beginning of the 20th century in the National Library of Malta in Valletta . It is illustrated with two hundred miniatures in the format 19 × 20 cm, the largest illustrated life of saints. She first published an essay on the subject with a selection of a few pictures and four years later a monumental book with black-and-white photographs and analyzes of all miniatures. She managed to identify all the sources highlighted in red by the medieval scribe in the text under the miniatures, such as the Dominican Alphonsus Bonihominis (* before August 12, 1353). In Famagusta on Cyprus, for example, he had translated the legend of the temptation of Antony by a devil queen bathing in a river with her maids from Arabic into Latin. The analysis of the third image from the story of the Queen of Devil, like all analyzes consisting of the transcription of the Latin legend , translation and description, reads:

Temptation of Antony by the Queen of Devils with the source Alphonsus identified by Graham .
“ Ab eis insecutus est sub color sanctitatis temptatus ambulando pariter super aquas siccis pedibus.
Alphonsus, et Thomas super iiij Sententiarum, distinctio xlv, questio iij, articulus ij.
He is tempted by her pretended holiness and crosses the river with dry feet.
As they cross the river, the queen places her left hand on Antonius' right. She turns to him, speaks to him and points to her city. You come across dry-footed. The dresses of the queen's maidservants are long enough to cover the feet. A young servant carries the queen's train. She and the queen wear very pointed shoes that are not to be understood as claws, because the picture in front of them shows the feet. The queen and the last of the servants wear gold belts. The others have necklines lined with pale yellow ribbons or overhanging collars. These collars are also found on several English bream , such as the 1415 tomb for Joan Peryent in Digswell Church, Hertfordshire . One companion has a turban-like hairstyle. "

In 1903 Graham received the Royal Historical Society's Alexander Prize for an essay on the intellectual charisma of English monasticism in the 11th and 12th centuries . Like some studies on Cluny and the Grammontensers, the essay is reprinted in an anthology. In 1920 she became an honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries of London and in 1933 an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College. In 1939 she received the Order of the British Empire . In 1950 twelve colleagues dedicated a commemorative publication to her .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rose Graham: S. Gilbert of Sempringham and the Gilbertines: a History of the only English Monastic Order . Elliott Stock, London 1901.
  2. ^ Rose Graham: To Abbot of Vézelay. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London 1918.
  3. ^ Website of the Canterbury and York Society . Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  4. ^ Rose Graham: The civic position of women at common law before 1800. In: Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation New Series 17, pp. 178-193, 1917.
  5. ^ Rose Graham: The order of St. Antoine de Viennois and its English commandery, St. Anthony's, Threadneedle Street. In: The Archaeological Journal 34, pp. 341-406, 1927.
  6. ^ Rose Graham: A picture-book of the life of St. Anthony the Abbot, executed for the monastery of Saint-Antoine de Viennois in 1426 . In: Archaeologia or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity . 83, 1933, pp. 1-26. doi : 10.1017 / S0261340900005324 .
  7. ^ Rose Graham: A Picture Book of the Life of Saint Anthony the Abbot. A reproduction in full of a manuscript of the year 1426 in the Malta Public Library at Valletta. Printed for the Roxburghe Club. University Press, Oxford 1937.
  8. ↑ Josef Höfer, Karl Rahner (ed.). Lexicon for Theology and the Church 2nd edition, Volume 1, p. 334. Herder-Verlag , Freiburg im Breisgau 1957.
  9. ^ Rose Graham: A Picture Book of the Life of Saint Anthony the Abbot. A reproduction in full of a manuscript of the year 1426 in the Malta Public Library at Valletta. Printed for the Roxburghe Club. University Press, Oxford 1937 (see above), here pp. 88–89, Grahams English translated into German.
  10. ^ Rose Graham: English Ecclesiatical Studies. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London 1919.
  11. ^ Ruffer and Taylor 1950.
personal data
SURNAME Graham, Rose
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British church historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 16, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH London
DATE OF DEATH July 29, 1963
Place of death London