Rose-red sapling

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Rose-red sapling
2011-04-25 Hygrocybe calyptriformis 1 70958.jpg

Rose red sapling ( Porpolomopsis calyptriformis )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Snail relatives (Hygrophoraceae)
Genre : Porpolomopsis
Type : Rose-red sapling
Scientific name
Porpolomopsis calyptriformis
( Berk. & Broome ) Bresinsky

The Rose Red Saftling ( Porpolomopsis calyptriformis , Syn. Hygrocybe calyptriformis ) is a species of fungus from the family of Schneck Ling relatives . Due to the phylogeny and pigmentation, it was separated from the saplings into an independent genus.

features

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Young (left) and screened (right) fruiting bodies of the rose-red sap
Fruit bodies of the rose-red sap in different stages of age
Spores of the rose-red sap under the light microscope

Macroscopic features

The hat is initially pointedly cone-shaped, reaching a height of 2 to 5 cm and, after shielding, a width of 5, sometimes up to 7 cm. The middle of the hat always remains more or less conical. It is initially rose-red, but also colored ocher-red or purple-gray, but later fades starting from the middle of the hat. The surface is somewhat sticky and cracked radially. The hat is not very fleshy. The edge is thin, initially curved in and later up.

The slender stem is about the same thickness everywhere and is 7 to 10 cm long and 1 to 1.2 cm wide. It is white or faded pink, hollow and brittle. Its surface is smooth, but finely frosted at the tip and overall somewhat striped or ingrown fibrous. His growth is often a bit twisted. The slats are thick and not high. They are flatter on the stem, where they are pointed or stand free. They are moderately close. They are initially reddish in color, but later also fade. The edges are a little peeled. The flesh is white, the tip of the hat pinkish. The smell is insignificant, the taste is mild. The spore powder is white.

Microscopic features

The spores are elliptical-ovoid and measure 5 to 8 by 5 to 6 µm. They are inamyloid and their surface is smooth. The basidia are mostly 4-spore. The lamellar trama is regular with elements at least 1 mm long.

Species delimitation

The rose-red sapling is clearly identified by its pink color within the sapling. It can be confused with the pink radish helmling . However, he smells noticeably of radish and his hat has a much more blunt hump. It also occurs predominantly within forests.

Ecology and phenology

The rose-red sap occurs on meadows, pastures and other grassy areas, but also in forests, where it can be found especially under beeches , maples and ash trees . It is found mainly in the mountains. The fungus grows on unfertilized, semi-natural meadows with low sward. The soils are acidic or basic and the moss layer is generally well developed. The fruiting bodies are formed from August to October.

distribution

The rose-red sapling can be found in the Holarctic , where it is distributed submeridional to temperate or subboreal (see floral element ). It can be found in North America (USA), Europe and North Asia (Japan). In Europe the area extends from Ireland, Great Britain, Belgium and France in the west to Estonia, Latvia, Poland and Ukraine in the east and south to Portugal, Spain, Italy, Croatia and Romania and north to the Faroe Islands , the Shetland Islands , Denmark and to southern Norway. In most countries the mushroom is on the red list . Over half of all European finds come from Great Britain.

The type montane-subalpine is widespread in Central Europe . It can be found up to an altitude of 1800 meters (Switzerland). In Germany, the mushroom from Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria is known. More recent finds also come from Thuringia.

Systematics

A white shape was called f. nivea . There is also a var. domingensis . It has a colored stem, larger spores and a differently structured hat cover layer. It was described from the Dominican Republic and subsequently found in the USA and southern England. The examinations of the collections showed, however, that the characteristics used to distinguish them can differ (apart from the spore size). The taxonomic classification is therefore uncertain.

meaning

The rose-red sapling is very rare due to the destruction of its habitat, especially due to fertilization . It is edible. For food purposes, however, the mushroom is of little importance and should be spared due to its rarity.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andreas Bresinsky: Contributions to a Mykoflora Germany (2): The genera Hydropus to Hypsizygus. In: Regensburger Mykologische Schriften . tape 15 , 2008, p. 1-304 .
  2. ↑ D. Jean Lodge, Mahajabeen Padamsee, P. Brandon Matheny, M. Catherine Aime, Sharon A. Cantrell, David Boertmann, Alexander Kovalenko, Alfredo Vizzini, Bryn TM Dentinger, Paul M. Kirk, A. Martyn Ainsworth, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, Ellen Larsson, Robert Lücking, Gareth W. Griffith, Matthew E. Smith, Lorelei L. Norvell, Dennis E. Desjardin, Scott A. Redhead, Clark L. Ovrebo, Edgar B. Lickey, Enrico Ercole, KarenW . Hughes & Régis Courtecuisse, Anthony Young, Manfred Binder, Andrew M. Minnis, Daniel L. Lindner, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, John Haight, Thomas Læssøe, Timothy J. Baroni, József Geml, Tsutomu Hattori: Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) . In: Fungal Diversity . doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0259-0 .
  3. ↑ a b c Hygrocybe calyptriformis var. Calyptriformis (Berk.) Fayod - Pink Waxcap. In: First Nature. Retrieved May 13, 2013 (2011–2013).
  4. ↑ a b Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 104 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  5. ^ A b Liz Holden, Plantlife International: Hygrocybe calyptriformis (Berk. & Broome) Fayod. (PDF; 1.3 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Plantlife. February 15, 2007, p. 7 , archived from the original on March 28, 2012 ; accessed on May 13, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.plantlife.org.uk
  6. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 43.
  7. ^ A b c Liz Holden, Plantlife International: Hygrocybe calyptriformis (Berk. & Broome) Fayod. (PDF; 1.3 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Plantlife. February 15, 2007, p. 5 , archived from the original on March 28, 2012 ; accessed on May 13, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.plantlife.org.uk
  8. ^ AJ Silverside: Hygrocybe calyptriformis (Berk. & Broome) Fayod. 'Ballerina Waxcap'. In: lastdragon.org - Biodiversity Reference. 2010, accessed on May 13, 2013 . (for the entire "System" section)

Web links

Commons : Rosenroter Saftling ( Porpolomopsis calyptriformis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files