Rudolf (ship, 1894)
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The Rudolf was a ferry built in 1894 , which initially sailed as Rut in Denmark and was sold to Estonia in 1930 . There the Wehrmacht confiscated the ship in 1941. From 1948 it was in use for the Ivers Line , from 1952 until it was scrapped in 1956 for the Cassen Eils shipping company in the Helgoland service.
Construction and technical data
The ship was in 1894 at the shipyard Helsingor Jærnskibs- og Maskinbyggeri in Elsinore / Denmark under the hull number 52 placed on Kiel . The launch took place on November 24, 1894 under the name Rut , the completion and delivery to the shipping company Sydfyenske Dampskibsselskab in Svendborg took place on December 29, 1894.
Its length was 28.28 meters, it was 5.35 meters wide and had a draft of 2.02 meters. It was measured at 96 GRT or 36 NRT and had a design displacement of around 185 tons. The drive consisted of a two-cylinder composite steam engine with an output of 140 hp . This acted on a screw , the steamer reached a speed of 9.0 knots . In 1952 the machine was replaced by a four-cylinder diesel engine from Modag (Motorenfabrik Darmstadt GmbH) with 200 hp, which brought the ship to a speed of 10 knots. As a passenger ship, it could carry 120 passengers.
history
Danish Ruth 1894–1930
With the completion on December 29, 1894, the shipyard delivered the ship to the shipping company Sydfyenske Dampskibsselskab, Svendborg was the home port . The shipping company, founded in 1875, mainly operated routes between Langeland , Funen and the other islands in southern Denmark. The shipping company initially used the Rut on the connections between Svendborg and Faaborg and between Svendborg and Rudkøbing . In September 1911 the change to the newly opened route between Bagenkop and Kiel took place. When this was stopped at the beginning of the First World War , the ship sailed the route between Faaborg and Søby and between Rudkøbing and Vemmenæs . In October 1930 the shipping company sold the ship to Estonia.
Estonian ferry 1930-1940
The new owner in Estonia was the shipping company of Gustav Sergo & Co. in Tallinn on November 1, 1930 , which operated ferry connections between the Estonian mainland and the offshore islands. At an unknown time they called the rut in Rudolf order. From 1930 to 1940 the ship operated the route between Rohuküla in western Estonia and the port of Heltermaa on the island of Hiiumaa , formerly also called Dagö. After Estonia's forced incorporation into the Soviet Union on August 6, 1940, the shipping company was nationalized and the ships had to fly the Soviet flag.
Fate of the war 1940–1945
After the German attack on the Soviet Union began in June 1941 ( Operation Barbarossa ), the German Wehrmacht seized the ship on September 4, 1941 in Hapsal (Estonia), kept the name Rudolf and transferred it to the Reval field command on November 15 . The ship was returned on December 18 of that year, after which it is only mentioned again at the beginning of the German withdrawal: On September 20, 1944, the Rudolf was with the landing pioneer company 774 on Moon , on December 6, 1944 at the landing Engineer Battalion 28 in Windau . Before the end of the war, the ship evacuated refugees to Schleswig-Holstein.
After the war ended, the Rudolf in the Strander Bay near Kiel on May 11, 1945 was British prey. However, it was not returned to the former owners in the Soviet Union, the shipping company nationalized in 1940, but the British authorities released it for civilian use in 1947.
Passenger ship Rudolf on the Ivers Line 1948–1951
In 1948 the Ivers-Linie bought the ship in Kiel . The shipping company operated several passenger ships in ferry traffic such as the former minesweepers Christian Ivers (ex M 607 ) and Harald Ivers (ex M 608 ). After the Second World War, the shipping company operated Germany's first international ferry service: To do this, it used the Christian Ivers between Kiel and Korsør in 1950 . For the new acquisition Rudolf , the Ivers-Linie kept the name of the ship and used it on the connection between Kiel and Eckernförde . In 1951 she sold the ship again.
In the Heligoland traffic of the shipping company Cassen Eils 1952–1956
The buyer of the ship, the shipping company Eils & Visser, first sent the ship to the Meyer Werft in Papenburg and had the aging engine replaced. A four-stroke four-cylinder diesel engine from Modag (Motorenfabrik Darmstadt GmbH) with 250 hp was installed, which brought the ship to ten knots. In the same year, Cassen Eils also took over the shares from Ludwig Visser and became the sole owner of the shipping company.
After Heligoland was released by the British on March 1, 1952, the ship under the command of Cassen Eils ran for the first time from Cuxhaven to the island on June 15, 1952. Eils also used the ship from Norderney, Langeoog, Spiekeroog and Büsum to Heligoland. In the years from 1952 to 1956, the ship initially drove mainly workers and material for the reconstruction of the island to Heligoland and of course in excursion traffic. When other shipping companies started offering trips to Heligoland again in the mid-1950s, the ship became too small and, for reasons of age, was replaced by the new Atlantis in June 1956 . A total of over 500 trips were made during this time. In the same year the ship was scrapped in Bremerhaven .
literature
- Gert Uwe Detlefsen: Paulsen & Ivers. In: German shipping companies. Volume 46, Verlag Gert Uwe Detlefsen, Bad Segeberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-9813640-9-5 , pp. 135-162.
- Gert Uwe Detlefsen: Cassen Eils. In: German shipping companies. Volume 17, Verlag Gert Uwe Detlefsen, Bad Segeberg 2002, ISBN 3-928473-68-9 , pp. 177-196.
- Georgina C. Eils: Cassen Eils - A life for seafaring. Booklet accompanying the exhibition on Cassen Eils in the Seebäderdienst lobster booth at Museum Helgoland. 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-039139-2 .
- Erich Gröner , Dieter Jung, Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945. Volume 8/1: River vehicles, Ujäger, outpost boats, auxiliary minesweepers, coastal protection associations. Part 1, Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-7637-4807-5 .
Web links
- Photos as Danish Rut , technical information and history , accessed on July 22, 2018
- Photos as Danish Rut , technical information and history , accessed on July 22, 2018
- Poster of the Estonian shipping company Gustav Sergo & Co .: Shipping connections 1938 accessed on July 22, 2018
- Photo as Estonian Rudolf , accessed July 22, 2018
- Photo of Rudolf at Cuxpedia , accessed on July 22, 2018
- Photo as Rudolf in the Helgoland service , accessed on July 22, 2018
Individual evidence
- ^ A b E. Gröner et al.: The German warships 1815-1945. 1993, p. 69.
- ↑ Information on "Rut" at faergejournalen.dk
- ↑ Georgina Eils: Cassen Eils - A life for seafaring. 2012, p. 12, p. 21.
- ↑ Information about the ship at faergelejet.dk
- ↑ Information about the ship at faergelejet.dk
- ↑ Information on "Rut" at faergejournalen.dk
- ↑ cf. Shipping company poster from 1938
- ↑ Information about the ship at faergelejet.dk
- ^ Martin Schmidtke: Baltic Sea Rescue Operation 1944/1945. Summary documentation including the ships and boats involved in the merchant fleet, navy, air force and army. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-7637-6263-9 , p. 101.
- ↑ Information about the ship at faergelejet.dk
- ↑ Information on the Ivers line at fjordfaehren.de
- ^ Gert Uwe Detlefsen: Cassen Eils. 2002, p. 177, p. 190.
- ↑ Georgina Eils: Cassen Eils - A life for seafaring. 2012, p. 18f.
- ^ Gert Uwe Detlefsen: Cassen Eils. 2002, p. 177f.