Sânmihaiu German

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Sânmihaiu German
Deutschsanktmichael, Zillasch
Németszentmihály
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Sânmihaiu German (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : Sânmihaiu Român
Coordinates : 45 ° 43 '  N , 21 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 42 '41 "  N , 21 ° 1' 57"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 4,322 (2005)
Postal code : 307380
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type : Village
Structure : Sânmihaiu Român, Sânmihaiu German, Utvin
Mayor : Viorel Bara ( Partidul Social Democrat )
Located in Sânmihaiu German in Timiș County
Roman Catholic Church in Deutschsanktmichael

Sânmihaiu German ( German  Deutsch-Sankt-Michael , Deutschsanktmichael , popularly Zillasch , Hungarian Németszentmihály ) is located 20 kilometers southwest of Timișoara and belongs to the municipality of Sânmihaiu Român , in the Timiș district , Banat , Romania .

location

Sânmihaiu German is located on the left bank of Bega and is crossed by the Timișoara- Cenei road.

Neighboring places

Bobda Beregsau Mare Săcălaz
Cenei Neighboring communities Sânmihaiu Român
Uivar Diniaș Parța

Etymology and history

The place was first mentioned in the papal tithe lists of the years 1333-1337 under the name "Silas". For the period 1404–1463 the place name "Szylas" appears in the history of the city of Velika Kikinda . The same name is also entered in a Turkish tax register from 1564. In the 15th century the village belonged to the noble family "Hagymas de Beregßo". The names "Silas", "Sylas", "Szillas", "Szyllasch" and "Zylas" are documented for the period 1717–1753. A letter dated September 5, 1768 states that “Zylas” had sixty households of Romanians and Serbs that were “pushed” (relocated).

As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. When the German town was founded in 1808, the town was named "Rauthendorf" after the town's founder, Johannes Nepomuk Graf von Rauth . In 1819 the place name "Deutsch-Szent-Mihály" was introduced to distinguish it from the Romanian neighboring community "Szent-Mihály". This resulted in the official name "Deutschsanktmichael" (Hungarian: "Németh Szent Mihály", Romanian: "Sânmihaiu German"). In the linguistic usage of the local residents and their neighbors, however, the name "Zillasch" became common.

Zillasch was established as a tobacco colony by internal migration, i. H. through immigration from neighboring German communities. The town was expanded through new settlements in 1837.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Deutschsanktmichael also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . In 1923 the place received the official name Sânmihaiu German.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Spa

In 1977, during oil drilling in Sânmihaiu German, thermal springs with healing water were discovered at a depth of 2,400 meters. Initially, the water was supposed to be used for district heating , but then it turned out that the water , which contained a lot of iodine and chlorine, had a healing effect, especially for rheumatic complaints. Since the water was way too hot at 60-70 ° C, it was cooled to 38-40 ° C.

In 1985 the "Zillascher Heilbad" was opened. A spa was built near the thermal spring discovered seven years earlier . The facility, which was created through voluntary work by some villagers, consisted of a 25 × 17 meter large and 1.30 to 1.70 meter deep swimming pool.

After the revolution of 1989 “Tomislav Radulov” took a risk. He leased the spa for 49 years and invested 300,000 euros in the thermal bath . So that the pool can also be used in winter, he built a covered swimming pool . He then enlarged the outdoor area of ​​the lido and built huts for overnight stays and accommodation. The experiment worked, more than 400 people visit the thermal bath every day, on the weekend there are more than 2,000 and this all year round, both in summer and in winter. The bath is used for cure and relaxation.

In recent years there has been a real construction boom in Sânmihaiu German. The proximity to Timisoara, the new thermal baths, the opportunity for therapy and relaxation make the location attractive.

Demographics

The German population in Deutsch-St.-Michael always made up the majority of the local residents until the Second World War . The village had its highest population around the end of the 19th century; In 1910 the 1111 Germans had a population share of over 95 percent. This relationship remained the same for the next 20 years. In November 1940, 1446 Germans were counted in the village.

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 1407 14th 9 1361 23
1910 1162 9 20th 1111 22nd
1930 1162 46 4th 1107 5
1977 742 358 3 379 2
2002 733 663 14th 49 7th

Personalities

  • Walter Engel (* 1942), literary scholar, lecturer, publicist and foundation director

See also

literature

  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber, Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians, Volume 5: Cities and Villages , Munich 2011.
  2. ↑ a b c banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: Through the German villages of the Banat, German-Sankt-Michael.
  3. ↑ strand-termal.ro , Strandul termal de la Sanmihaiu German.
  4. ↑ ziuadevest.ro ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Strandul minune de la Sânmihaiu German.
  5. ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnic group in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002