SMS Buzzard
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| Construction data | ||
| Ship type | Small cruiser | |
| Ship class | Buzzard- class | |
| Construction designation: | Cruiser IV. Class C | |
| Builder: |
Imperial Shipyard Gdansk Building no .: |
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| Keel laying : | August 1888 | |
| Launch : | January 23, 1890 | |
| Completion: | October 7, 1890 | |
| Building-costs: | 2.287 million marks | |
| Ship dimensions | ||
| Measurement: | 1019 BRT 458 NRT |
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| Displacement : | Construction: 1559 t Maximum: 1868 t |
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Length of the waterline : Length over all: |
L KWL : 79.62 m L overall approx : 82.6 m |
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| Width of trunk: Width over all: |
10.2 m 12.5 m |
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| Draft : | 4.45 - 5.63 m | |
| Side height : | 6.42 m | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Boiler system : | 4 cylinder boilers | |
| Machinery: | 2 horizontal 3-cylinder triple expansion steam engines |
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| Number of propellers: | 2 three-leaf 3 m | |
| Shaft speed: | 129 / min | |
| Drive power: | 2806 PSi | |
| Speed: | 15.7 kn | |
| Driving range: | 2880 nm at 9 kn | |
| Fuel supply: | 305 tons of coal | |
| Crew: | 9 officers and 152 men | |
| Construction: | Transverse frame steel construction (stem: bronze mandrel) |
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| Rigging : | Schoonerbark | |
| Armament | ||
| Sea target guns: | 8 rows - 10.5 cm L / 35 5 rev - 3.7 cm |
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| Torpedo tubes : | 2 35 cm on deck | |
| Whereabouts | ||
| Retired on October 25, 1912 and scrapped in Hamburg in 1913 |
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SMS Bussard was the type ship and namesake of the Bussard class , a class of six cruisers IV class of the Imperial Navy . In 1899 the ship wasreclassifiedas a small cruiser .
technology
The cruisers (IV class) of the Bussard class were cross- frame steel structures, additionally with yellow pine planks up to the upper deck, after conversion only up to the intermediate deck, provided with muntz metal fittings to protect against vegetation. The stem was made of steel, wood and a bronze ram, the stern of steel and wood.
The SMS Bussard was initially rigged as a schooner bark (≈ 850 m²). The sail area was reduced to a topsail schooner (≈ 600 m²) during the conversion carried out between 1899 and 1900, whereby the main mast was expanded and the mizzen mast only received a triangular sail without gaff rigging .
The artillery was set up on platforms (so-called swallow nests ) protruding over the ship's side in order to enlarge the angle of the guns. However, these had the uncomfortable property of hitting the waves in rough seas , which led to strong vibrations and loss of speed. When the rigging was converted, the gun substructures were moved further inwards so that they were now flush with the ship's wall.
history
Planning and construction
With the economic expansion of the German Empire after 1871, it became necessary to permanently station warships of the Imperial Navy in the German colonies in order to protect them. The gunboats were unsuitable for this because of the limited space in the crew quarters and their poor seaworthiness. Their armament was also judged to be too weak.
Rather, the units should have a large water displacement and receive a drive that made it possible for them to monitor large sea areas. The units should also have appropriate sails in order to save coal on long journeys.
These requirements were implemented in the two units of the Schwalbe class , from which the Bussard class arose when the cruiser IV. Class C was built in August 1888 . The launch took place on January 23, 1890 at the Imperial Shipyard in Danzig.
commitment
Use in East Asia and the South Seas
After the subsequent test drive and commissioning on October 7, 1890, the Bussard was used for most of the time in the German colonies. At the beginning of her career, the cruiser was assigned to the East Asia station . After an overhaul in Auckland in May 1892, the ship was ordered to Stephansort in the Kaiser Wilhelms-Land protected area in New Guinea and, upon arrival, picked up government commissioner Friedrich Rose with parts of the local police force to go on a punitive expedition against Papuans. In the summer of 1891 they killed three German missionaries and native workers in Hatzfeldhafen .
In July 1893, the Bussard supported German-British forces in the fight against the rebellious Samoan tribal leader Mataafa Josefo . Together with the old British corvette HMS Curacao , Bussard fired at positions of the rebels on July 7th to force their surrender. Mataafa was then taken to Apia , while Bussard stayed behind to oversee the demilitarization of his followers.
Bussard returned to Germany in March 1898 , with several tropical birds on board for the Berlin Zoo . After her arrival, the ship went into dry dock for basic repairs and conversions at the Imperial Shipyard in Danzig . Here, the rigging was supported by a bark - a saver changed rigging. In addition, the ship received a new, larger tower structure.
Use during the Boxer Rebellion
After the work was completed, the Bussard could not be put back into operation until 1900. In response to the Boxer Rebellion that broke out in China , she was one of the ships that were sent there to reinforce the German East Asia Squadron. On August 6, 1900, a boiler on board the Bussard exploded on the way to China . The explosion killed three sailors and seriously wounded three other men. The journey could be continued. After arriving in China, Bussard took part in the attack on the Taku forts on June 17, 1900 with her sister ships Seeadler und Geier as part of the East Asia Squadron . The crew suffered no losses during this mission.
Use in East Africa
From 1904 Bussard was assigned to the East Africa station together with SMS Schwalbe . To this end, the ship left Tsingtau on April 26, 1904 and arrived in Dar es Salaam on June 30 . On the way there, the crew in Colombo had been exchanged for a replacement team that had arrived from Bremerhaven on the German mail steamer Main . Part of this replacement crew were the new commander of the ship Korvettenkapitän Back and Hans Paasche , who took up a two-year service as a navigation officer on board the Bussard .
As a result, Bussard took part in the suppression of the Maji Maji uprising . At the end of July 1905 there was major unrest south of the Rufiji in the Ssamanga area and the uprising broke out. The governorate received knowledge of the events on August 1, 1905. To just during the uprising of the Herero and Nama in German South West Africa to avoid (1904-1907) that another of spreading of conflict in the south German East Africa arose, which demanded Governor Gustavus Adolphus of idols at Admiralty immediate support from the Imperial Navy in order to be able to move troops quickly into the insurrectionary area. As early as the evening of August 3, 1905, Bussard went to sea with Major Kurt Johannes as commander-in-chief, four officers, two non-commissioned officers and 120 askari and porters. In the following days, several detachments of the navy and the imperial protection force landed on the coast from the Bussard to protect the coastal stations and fight the insurgents. So on August 4, 1905 in Kilwa Kiwindsche , later in Mohorro, the detachment here was led by Hans Paasche, in and in Ssamanga. On August 22, 1905, further detachments were landed in Mikindani and Lindi .
In the early phase of the uprising around the end of September 1905, Bussard was the only ship in the Imperial Navy that supported the operations of the governorate and the protection force. The government's need for transport capacity for troops and material in the rebellion area naturally grew over time, so that the relocation of SMS Seeadler and SMS Thetis from Tsingtau was granted.
In 1910 Bussard returned to Germany.
Whereabouts
The decommissioning took place on October 25, 1912 and in 1913 the ship was scrapped and scrapped in Hamburg.
Commanders
| October 1890 - April 1891 | KK Wachenhusen |
| May 1891 - August 1892 | KK Gertz |
| August 1892 - October 1893 | KK Flichtenhöfer |
| October 1893 - April 1894 | KL Kinderling |
| April 1894 - September 1894 | KK Scheder |
| September 1895 - January 1898 | KK Winkler |
| January 1898 - April 1899 | KK Mandt |
| June 1900 - April 1902 | KK v. Bassewitz |
| April 1902 - May 1904 | KK Huss |
| May 1904 - October 1905 | KK Back |
| October 1905 - October 1906 | KK Marks |
| October 1906 - July 1908 | KK Werner |
| July 1908 - March 1910 | KK Menger |
literature
- Erich Göner, Dieter Jung and Martin Maass, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945 Volume 1 , p. 159 f, Bernard & Graefe Verlag Munich, 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8
- John Roberts, HC Timewell, Roger Chesneau (Eds.), Eugene M. Kolesnik (Eds.): Warships of the World 1860 to 1905 - Volume 1: Great Britain / Germany , Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Koblenz, 1983, ISBN 3-7637- 5402-4
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans H. Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships. Biographies. A mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present day. Volume 1. Mundus Verlag, Essen 1993. p. 179.
- ↑ http://www.boxeraufstand.com/dokumente/msp/msp.htm
- ^ Bernhard Buchholz: Experiences of the machinist Otto Gehring from SMS "Bussard" during the Maji-Maji uprising in German East Africa. Without location information. Without a time. Page 1. ( online )
- ^ Bernhard Buchholz: Experiences of the machinist Otto Gehring from SMS "Bussard" during the Maji-Maji uprising in German East Africa. Without location information. Without a time. Page 2. ( online )
- ↑ http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/sms_bussard.htm