Salt steppe wormwood
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Salt steppe wormwood ( Artemisia santonicum ) in Seewinkel in Austria |
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| Artemisia santonicum | ||||||||||||
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The salt steppe wormwood ( Artemisia santonicum L. ), also salt-mugwort , beach wormwood and Hungarian mugwort called, is a plant from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). It is common in Central , Southeast and Eastern Europe.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The salt steppe wormwood grows as a perennial chamaephyte to hemicryptophyte . It reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters and is strongly aromatic. The rhizome is more or less woody. In addition to the flowering ones, the plant also has vegetative, mostly tufted, leafy shoots.
At least the lower leaves are two to three times pinnate and more or less petiolate. Most of the stem leaves are clearly perforated at the base , the middle stem leaves reach a length of 2 to 3 centimeters (sometimes only 1 centimeter). The leaves are tomentose or almost bare and therefore appear green or slightly gray. The leaves are usually 0.7 to 1 millimeter wide and pointed.
Generative characteristics
Many upright ("var. Erecta") or nodding ("var. Salina"), egg - shaped, cup-shaped partial inflorescences stand together in sparse, paniculate overall inflorescences . The bracts are almost bare and therefore more or less shiny. The bottom of the basket is bare. The flower heads are 2.5 to 3 millimeters long (sometimes only 2 millimeters) and 1.5 to 2 millimeters in diameter and contain only tubular flowers . The marginal flowers are, like the inner flowers, hermaphroditic.
The flowering period in Central Europe extends from September to October .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36 or 18.
Occurrence and endangerment
The salt steppe wormwood is widespread in Central , Southeastern and Eastern Europe. In the German-speaking area he only appears in Austria .
In Austria, occurrences are only known from the Pannonian region of the federal states of Lower Austria (in Marchfeld ) and Burgenland (in Seewinkel ). The salt steppe wormwood occurs locally often or even scattered on salt steppe grasslands of the colline altitude level , but the suitable locations are very rare. In Austria, the salt steppe wormwood is considered endangered.
Systematics
The first publication of Artemisia santonicum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , p 845. synonyms for Artemisia santonicum L. are: Seriphidium santonicum (L.) Soják , Artemisia boschniakiana (Better) DC. , Artemisia monogyna Waldst. & Kit. , Artemisia praticola Klokov , Seriphidium monogynum (Waldst. & Kit.) Poljakov , Artemisia maritima subsp. monogyna (Waldst. & Kit.) Hegi , Artemisia maritima var. boschniakiana Besser .
From Artemisia santonicum there are at least two subspecies:
- Artemisia santonicum L. subsp. santonicum : It occurs in Hungary, on the Balkan Peninsula, in Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, in the Aegean Sea and in Turkey.
- Artemisia santonicum subsp. patens K.M. Perss. : It occurs in Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey.
image
Basal leaves
Form with upright heads
Form with nodding heads
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry at Euro + Med .
- ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 683 .
- ^ Artemisia santonica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Distribution map at Euro + Med .
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 683 .
