Salzbunge

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Salt bunge
Salt Bunge (Samolus valerandi), at the beginning of flowering

Salt Bunge ( Samolus valerandi ), at the beginning of flowering

Systematics
Asterids
Order : Heather-like (Ericales)
Family : Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
Subfamily : Theophrastoideae
Genre : Bunge ( Samolus )
Type : Salt bunge
Scientific name
Samolus valerandi
L.

The salt bunge ( Samolus valerandi ) is a species of plant from the genus Bunge ( Samolus ) in the subfamily Theophrastoideae within the primrose family (Primulaceae). This rare species occurs in moist, usually somewhat salty locations.

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 1
Close up of five petal flowers
Habitus from above in spring
Habit of a largely withered salt bunge in September

Vegetative characteristics

The salt bunge grows as an evergreen , perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are almost bare.

The leaves are in a basal rosette and arranged alternately on the stem . Their thick, dark green, shiny basal leaves are obovate to spatulate with a length of 2 to 6 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 2 centimeters. The upper stem leaves are slightly smaller.

Generative characteristics

The racemose inflorescence is loose. The relatively thin and about 1 centimeter long peduncle is often kinked in the middle and provided with small leaflets.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The white corollas are only 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter.

The spherical capsule fruits are shorter than the calyx.

Chromosome number

The basic chromosome number is x = 12 or 13; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 24 or 26.

ecology

The salt bunge is a helomorphic hemicryptophyte . The salt bunge is a typical pollen flower that offers the pollinating insects pollen as a "reward". The capsule fruits are spread through the water. Due to their slight adhesive effect, these can also stick to animals. The long-lived seeds are light germs . The flowering period extends from June to September.

Occurrence

The salt bunge is unsteadily widespread in Europe , the Middle East and North Africa. The subspecies Samolus valerandi subsp. Found in North America and Japan . parviflorus is often viewed as a separate species.

The salt bunge grows in alternating damp to moist, sometimes flooded, often salty locations. These are often the edges of bodies of water, gaps in brackish water cane or damp valleys in the coastal dunes. Away from the coast, it only thrives on moist inland salt areas and occasionally on alternately wet , clayey raw soil locations. The salt bungees in Central Europe have their habitat mainly in salt plant corridors, salt-tolerant crawl and step lawns and in short-lived unfinished pioneer corridors. It occurs in societies of the plant sociological associations Armerion maritimae, Agropyro-Rumicion, Nanocyperion (dwarf rush societies) and Scirpion maritimi.

Salt bunge often grows together with beach cloves , swaths of salt , lagoon rushes , beach trident , beach milkweed and salt pond rushes in reeds . According to the Ellenberg pointer values , it is a half-light to full-light plant, it is quite warmth-loving, shows a maritime to moderate maritime climate, is a humidity to wet indicator, indicates floods, is a weak base indicator and can withstand moderate salt content.

The plant can be kept emersed in the paludarium and is also used in aquariums.

Endangerment in Germany

In Germany in 1996, the salt bunge was classified as "highly endangered" on the red list of vascular plants. In Bavaria and Saxony it is even threatened with extinction, in Saarland it is already considered lost. In the coastal area it occurs mainly on the Baltic Sea, less so on the North Sea. But it is not only endangered in Germany, but also in the rest of Europe. The reason for the disappearance is, among other things, a lack of location dynamics (small-area ground wounds caused by mechanical forces, etc.). The destruction and conversion of small-scale special locations is another cause.

swell

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Pointer values ​​of the vascular plants of Central Europe. - Scripta Geobotanica IX, Verlag Erich Goltze, Göttingen, 2nd, improved. 1979 edition.
  • Crusio WE : Het geslacht Samolus L . In: Communications of the Dutch Waterplant Society . 2, February 20, 1982, pp. 13-25.
  • Crusio WE: Notes on the genus Samolus L. (Primulaceae) . In: Communications of the Dutch Waterplant Society . 6, May 26, 1984, pp. 13-16.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Samolus valerandi L., Salzbunge. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Salzbunge . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  745 .
  4. ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 417.

Web links

Commons : Salzbunge ( Samolus valerandi )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files