Beach trident

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Beach trident
Beach trident (Triglochin maritima)

Beach trident ( Triglochin maritima )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Trident family (Juncaginaceae)
Genre : Tridents ( triglochin )
Type : Beach trident
Scientific name
Triglochin maritima
L.

The beach trident ( Triglochin maritima ), also known as the salt trident or tubed cabbage , is a grass-like plant species that belongs to the trident family (Juncaginaceae). The beach trident can be cooked as a vegetable (tubed cabbage) but is poisonous for livestock .

description

Illustration of the beach trident

The beach trident is a perennial , reaching between 10 and 60 centimeters Height plant with mostly horizontal growing rhizome and short thick foothills . The stems are leafless. The grass-like, coarse basal leaves are linearly shaped, are multi-tube and have a long ligule . The leaves are flattened in cross section on one side, up to 4 millimeters wide and at the end of the leaf sheath with a simple auricle.

The individual flowers stand close together in a cluster that is up to 20 centimeters long . The green to reddish colored and hermaphrodite flowers are mostly radial symmetry . The flower stalks are 1 to 4 millimeters long. Six greenish bloom covers six almost sedentary stamens and the six-part upper permanent ovary one. The six stigmas are reddish and short feathered. The also six-part, egg-shaped split fruit is about 6 millimeters long and does not spread from below when ripe. The carpels are furrowed on the back and separate when ripe and fall off individually.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

ecology

The beach trident is a perennial rosette plant and a stem plant or a salt plant . The leaves have several narrow windpipes and smell of chlorine when rubbed . The amino acid proline can contain up to 20% of the dry weight of the plant, it serves as an osmotic compensation for the high salt concentration in the vacuoles. As a further adaptation to the salt location, the older, heavily salty leaves are shed.

The flowers are pollinated by the wind ( anemogamy ). The female hermaphrodite flowers are wind-flowered as an "immobile type". The emerging pollen collects in the tepals and is blown out by the wind from here. Flowering time is from June to August.

The split fruits are mostly spread through water or they are spread as Velcro fruits that dig into the fur of animals. The fruits are light and cold germs.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through underground runners .

Distribution and location

Europe and North America

The beach trident is widespread in the northern hemisphere . In places it can also be found on the coasts of southern South America . In Central Europe , the beach trident grows in the Wadden Sea on heavy silt soils in the foreland of the dyke , which is temporarily washed over by sea water , in the so-called Andel zone and in the brackish water zone of the river estuaries . It is relatively widespread on the coasts , while it is rare in the interior . He prefers very moist, partly flooded salt marshes , reed beds or areas inland that are affected by salt. It grows in societies of the class Asteretea tripolii.

Beach trident grape inflorescence
Section of the inflorescence

Distribution in Austria

In Austria the salt trident occurs scattered around the Neusiedlersee , otherwise rarely in the colline altitude . The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Burgenland and Lower Austria .

Hazard and protection

The beach trident is classified as endangered in Germany's red list of endangered fern and flowering plants (category 3). The reasons for the decline in populations include the conversion of grassland into fields, the fallowing of extensively used fresh and wet meadows , but also their intensification of use and the failure to flood salt marshes and marshes through coastal protection measures .

The species is considered endangered in Austria.

use

The so-called "Röhrkohl" is a traditional spring vegetable in Northern Germany. It looks similar to chives and has a chlorine smell that disappears when cooked. The odor, which comes from the alkaloid triglochinin formed during flowering , repels herbivores . Traditionally, the “Röhrkohl” can be harvested by locals in May and June. However, entering the Wadden Sea National Park is forbidden for others to protect the breeding birds. The "cabbage" is pricked like asparagus , the light subterranean plant parts and the "green" are processed. The finished dish is similar in appearance to the kale , but has a different taste. Since it is a salty plant, no additional salt is required. The Indians of North America used the roasted fruit as food .

The ashes of the cabbage contain a lot of soda (Na 2 CO 3 ). This is why the plant was previously used in glass production to lower the melting point .

In grazing cattle, the consumption of the beach trident can lead to symptoms of poisoning.

swell

  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  109 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Triglochin - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on June 21, 2018.
  3. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1023 .

Web links

Commons : Beach Trident  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files