Santa María la Real (Sangüesa)
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The Catholic parish church of Santa María la Real in Sangüesa , a town on the Way of St. James in the Spanish autonomous region of Navarre , was built in the 12th and 13th centuries. Century erected. The church has a splendid south portal with Romanesque sculptural decoration, inside a Plateresque altarpiece from the 16th century has been preserved. Already in 1889 the church was declared a monument ( Bien de Interés Cultural ) .
history
As early as the 11th century, a bridge was built in Sangüesa over the Río Aragón , over which the Camino Aragonés , a route of the Camino de Santiago , led. At the end of the 11th century, Sancho Ramírez , King of Aragon and Navarre , had a palace built in the immediate vicinity of this bridge. The Church of Santa María la Real was also built within the palace area. The first written mention of the church dates back to 1131, when I. Alfonso , the son and successor of Sancho Ramírez, the palace including the church of Santa María the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem bequeathed that to 1351 in Sanguesa a Coming entertained. As a result, the possessions went to the diocese of Pamplona .
architecture
Exterior construction
The three-part Romanesque choir head dates from around 1131, the first building phase of the church. The central apse is wider and higher than the two on the sides; it is pierced by three slender arched windows with inserted columns and three oculi . Unadorned buttresses structure the outer walls. Most of the console stones under the eaves have been renewed, only four on the southern side apse are original.
The construction of the nave stretched from the late 12th to the 13th century. The octagonal bell tower, which is accompanied by a slender round stair tower and covered with a pyramid roof, rises above the crossing . It was built at the junction of 13th and 14th century and has, with its lancet windows and gargoyles , its clover fries and crab decor significant stylistic elements of the Gothic to.
South portal
The south transept portal has an extraordinarily rich sculptural decoration. It is bordered on the side by two buttresses and is covered by three archivolts , each resting on three columns adorned with slender sculptures. The figures on the left represent the three Marys, Mary Magdalene , Mary , the mother of Jesus , and Mary Salome , the mother of the apostles John and James . On the book that Mary is holding in her hand there is an inscription with the name of the sculptor: MARIA MATER XPI LEODEGARIUS ME FECIT (“Mary, Mother of Jesus, Leodegarius created me”). The figures on the right represent the apostles Peter , Paul and Judas . The rope with which he hanged himself is tied around the latter's neck. The consoles (mochetas) on which the tympanum rests are designed as a cow's head and a monster devouring three people.
The archivolts are also staffed with people - including bishops, pilgrims, musicians, warriors and people who embody various craft professions such as rope makers, butchers and blacksmiths. Other figures could symbolize virtues and vices.
On the tympanum is Judgment shown. In the center, Christ is enthroned as judge of the world, flanked by angels blowing horns. To his right stand the elect, to his left the damned, depicted naked and surrounded by monsters. The Archangel Michael , who weighs souls, can also be recognized. On the lower level there are Mary with the baby Jesus on her lap and the twelve apostles . The apostles stand under arcades , which are separated from each other by ornate columns. Only Mary sits on a throne.
Above the archivolts there are two rows of small arcades that rest on double columns with ornate capitals . The lower row is occupied by eight figures of the apostles. In the middle of the upper row is a representation of Majestas Domini , around which the four evangelist symbols are grouped. Under the arcades of the upper row are two angels and four other apostles, including Peter, who can be recognized by his keys.
On the buttresses and in the spandrels of the portal there are further depictions of animals, people, mythical creatures, hunting scenes and biblical motifs. The upper end of the portal is a narrow canopy that rests on corbels carved with animal heads. A couple embracing can be seen on the central corbel.
Tympanum
Garment figures on the left
Vestments on the right side
Majestas Domini and Apostles
inner space
The three-aisled nave of the church is separated by bundle pillars ; it only extends over two yokes . The transept does not protrude beyond the nave. A mighty ribbed dome , resting on trumpets in the corner spandrels and illuminated through eight windows, spans the crossing square. The main and side aisles are covered with ribbed vaults. All three naves open into the apses assigned to them.
Furnishing
- The main apse is occupied by a plateresque carved altar from the 16th century, which is attributed to the sculptor Jorge de Flandes. A Rocamadour Madonna is enthroned in the middle, the evangelists with their symbols are depicted in the lower scenes. The side scenes show stations from the life of Mary such as the Annunciation , the Visitation , the birth of Jesus and the adoration of the Magi . The depiction of the Assumption of Mary from the 18th century is a later addition.
- The sculpture of St. Blasius dates from the 15th century.
Altarpiece
Main altar with Rocamadour Madonna
Evangelists Mark and Matthew
Evangelists John and Luke
St. Blasius
literature
- Beatrix Müller: Santa María la Real, Sangüesa (Navarra). The architectural sculpture of Santa María and the sculpture of Navarre and Aragon in the 12th century - receptor, catalyst, innovator? Dissertation at Humboldt University, Berlin 1997.
- Jaime Cobreros: Las Rutas del Románico en España . Vol. II, Madrid 2004, ISBN 84-9776-112-X , pp. 251-254.
- Luis-Maria de Lojendio: Navarre novels . La Pierre-qui-Vire (Zodiaque) 1967, pp. 149-196. (without ISBN)
Web links
- Paroquía Santa María la Real www.arquivoltas.com, accessed December 3, 2013 (Spanish), with many photos
Coordinates: 42 ° 34'37.3 " N , 1 ° 17'7.1" W.