Sleeper
| Sleeper | ||
|---|---|---|
 Schalfferner from the northeast, from the Schalfkogel (2004) |
||
| location | Tyrol ( Austria ), South Tyrol ( Italy ) | |
| Mountains | Ötztal Alps , Schnalskamm | |
| Type | Valley glacier | |
| length | 5 km (2011) | |
| surface | 7.66 km² (1999) | |
| Exposure | northwest | |
| Altitude range | 3130 m - 2500 m (1975) | |
| Tilt | ⌀ 11.5 ° (20%) | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 46 '48 " N , 10 ° 55' 48" E | |
|
||
| drainage | Schalfbach → Niedertalbach → Venter Ache → Ötztaler Ache → Inn | |
The Schalfferner with an area of 7.66 square kilometers (1999) one of the largest glacial the Oetztal Alps . It is located northeast of the Hinteren Schwärze (3628 m), embedded between the Ramolkamm in the east and the Schnalskamm , part of the main Alpine ridge , in the south. The glacier lies almost entirely on Austrian territory. A small part in the southern area at the Fanatspitze is located in South Tyrol ( Italy ) due to the fact that the border course is not oriented towards the ice or watershed and is protected there in the Texel Group Nature Park .
The Schalfferner is one of the Austrian glaciers most severely affected by glacier retreat. When measuring the changes in length of the Austrian glaciers, the Schalfferner is almost always among those with the greatest declines: In 2008 it recorded the largest measured retreat at 49 meters, in the year before it had retreated by as much as 87 meters, but was still from Weißseeferner exceeded.
The nutrient area is roughly divided into three larger areas: a northern part flowing down from the Kleinleitenjoch (3270 m), a larger southeastern northwestern northwest of the Karlesspitze (3465m) and a southwestern part, which is northeast of the Hinteren Schwärze. This division already results in separate glacier tongues , it can be assumed that in the next few years the connection will break completely and the glacier will disintegrate into several independent sections.
Position and shape
The west ridge of the Querkogel (3448 m) in the Ramolkamm divides the nutrient area in the east into a northern and southern part. The northern part starts at the Kleinleitenjoch and is bordered in the north by the little pronounced west ridge of the Kleinleitenspitze (3445 m). To the north of it, in the western cirque between Kleinleitenspitze and Schalfkogel (3510 m), is the Nördliche Schalfferner , which used to be a tribute glacier of the Schalffern, but lost contact as early as the 1930s.
The southeastern nutrient area is framed in the south by several peaks of the main Alpine ridge: the Karlesspitze , the Fanatspitze (3361 m) and the Rötenspitze (3396 m). The glacier flows from there to the northwest. From the southwest, ice still flows from the glacier basin northeast of the Hinteren Schwärze. This basin is framed in the west by the northern ridge of the Hinteren Schwärze, the eastern flank of the Mutmalspitze (3528 m) and the Mutmalkamm (3265 m). On the Hinteren-Schwärzen-Joch (3393 m), the deepest notch between Hinterer Schwärze and Mutmalspitze, the Schalfferner reaches up to the Marzellferner to the west . In the Rossbergjoch (3380 m), the saddle in the east ridge of the Hinteren Schwärze, which separates it from the Pfasserspitze (3443 m), the Schalfferner is connected to the small, south-facing Rossbergferner . This has lost a lot of substance in recent years, in 2006 an area of 6.7 ha was determined.
Historical development
Until around 1920 the glacier tongues of the Schalf- and Marzelferner merged not far from today's Martin-Busch-Hütte . After the two glaciers separated, a sand area developed between the two glacier tongues . There was still a considerable amount of dead ice beneath the gravel and gravel in this area . The meltwater from the Schalf- and Marzellferner collected there, and a lake with varying water levels formed, which reached its highest level in 1932. In 1933, the meltwater had destabilized the dead ice below, and a ten-meter-deep furrow formed over which the lake emptied. The further melting of the dead ice in the retreat area of the glacier caused the collapse of the then glacier tongue in 1945, causing the glacier to retreat by 106.3 meters that year.
map
- Alpine club map sheet 30/1, 1: 25,000, Ötztal Alps, Gurgl, ISBN 3-928777-38-6
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b WGMS: Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich 2012 ( DOI: 10.5904 / wgms-fog-2012-11 ), accessed on February 7, 2013
- ↑ a b M. Mergili: Compilation of the changes in length of the Austrian glaciers 1970–2013. ( online ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ). Based on: Austrian Alpine Association: Glacier Reports. Collective reports on the glacier measurements of the Austrian Alpine Club from 1971 to 2011. Compiled by H. Kinzl, G. Patzelt, A. Fischer. In: Messages from the Austrian Alpine Club / Uphill. Volume 27-67. Retrieved April 30, 2013
- ↑ a b Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government, Regional Planning Statistics Department (Ed.): Statistisches Handbuch Bundesland Tirol 2009. Page 29 ( online )
- ↑ GLACIORISK - European Project: Schalfferner. Retrieved May 9, 2013
- ^ Hans Hanke: Quaternary geological investigations in the inner Otztal. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 85, pp. 119–223, Vienna 1935 ( online ; PDF; 2.0 MB)
- ↑ Christoph Knoll, Hanns Kerschner: A glacier inventory for South Tyrol, Italy, based on airborne laser-scanner data. In: Annals of Glaciology. Volume 50, 2009, pp. 46–52 ( online ; PDF; 287 kB)
- ↑ Robert von Srbik : Particular signs of decay on some Ötztal glaciers 1932–1945. In: Publications of the Museum Ferdinandeum. Volume 26, Innsbruck 1945, pp. 83–95 ( online ; PDF; 6.9 MB)
