Hot stonecrop

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Hot stonecrop
Spicy stonecrop (Sedum acre)

Spicy stonecrop ( Sedum acre )

Systematics
Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family : Thick-leaf family (Crassulaceae)
Subfamily : Sempervivoideae
Tribe : Sedeae
Genre : Sedum ( Sedum )
Type : Hot stonecrop
Scientific name
Sedum acre
L.
Sedum acre
Stems with leaves

The sharp stonecrop ( Sedum acre ), even Sharp stonecrop , belongs within the family of the Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) for species of sedum ( Sedum ).

description

The hot stonecrop is a perennial herbaceous plant of low, grassy habit and reaches heights of five to 15 centimeters. The egg-shaped, thick-fleshed (succulent) leaves are four millimeters long and between two and four millimeters wide, with the leaves usually being widest below the center. The leaves usually taste pungent after some chewing, from which the popular name is derived.

The flower is five-fold with bright golden yellow petals arranged in a star shape . The petals are pointed to pointed and six to eight millimeters long. The main flowering period is from June to August. Five follicles develop per flower and ripen from July to August.

The species is diploid to hexaploid and occurs with chromosome numbers 2n = 40, 60, 80, 100 or 120.

Distribution and location

The hot stonecrop is widespread throughout Europe and occasionally penetrates as far as North Africa. It is also found in Western Siberia and the Caucasus countries and is feral in North America. As a location, the plant prefers walls, rock corridors, sunny pioneer lawns and sandy ruderal areas such as railway embankments, gravel roofs and gravel pits, but also dunes and dry, light forests. It is a class character of the Sedo-Scleranthetea, but also occurs in Festuco-Brometea societies. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part near the Untere Hoch-Alpe on the Lech near Steeg up to 1220 m above sea level.

ecology

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The spicy stonecrop is a leaf-succulent Chamaephyte whose flower shoots die off after flowering. The leaves are amphistomatic, that is, the stomata are on the top and bottom; there are about 18 stomata per square millimeter. The leaves have a central water storage tissue. The plant is therefore resistant to dehydration and continues to grow in the herbarium if it is not previously z. B. is boiled. Like all Sedum species, it is characterized by an interesting physiological adaptation to its dry locations: it is one of the typical CAM plants that carry out photosynthesis on the path of the "acid metabolism of the thick-leaf plants " = Crassulaceae Acid Metabolism. The special thing about it is that the stomata remain closed during the day when there is water stress, but are open at night. The behavior of a normal plant is thus turned on its head. The CO 2 absorbed at night is stored in the vacuoles of the assimilation tissue in the form of malic acid . During the day this is transported back into the cytoplasm , where it is present as malate (salt of malic acid). The CO 2 is split off from this and used for photosynthesis. Overall, this process can be interpreted as an effective, water-saving adaptation to an arid climate, i.e. sunny, hot days and cold nights.

The flowers of the hot stonecrop are incompletely pre-male "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The stamens bend towards the middle to form dust. The nectar is easily accessible. The flowers are mainly visited by flies and hymenoptera. Spontaneous self-pollination is also successful. The petals overlap laterally in the bud . The main flowering period is from June to August.

The fruits open when wet (hydrochas). The plant is a typical rain ballist, i. H. Raindrops hurl the filet-shaped seeds out, which are then spread further as rainworms . Ants also contribute to the spread of the seeds. A vegetative propagation is possible through easily rooting stem parts. The fruits are Ästatiphore, which means they give off seeds all summer long if the necessary conditions are met. The seeds are light germs .

use

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The sedum alkaloid Sedamin

The hot stonecrop is used as an ornamental plant z. B. very suitable for green roofs and also recommended for wild plant gardens.

As early as 300 BC Chr. Was Stonecrop (particularly Sedum acre indicative) used as a medicinal plant. Around AD 70, the Greek doctor Dioscurides described the use of the plant's irritating and caustic sap. In the 16th century, the plant , which has also been known as stone pepper since the Middle Ages, was mentioned in various herbal books, including Lonicerus , Matthiolus and Dodoneaus. In the years that followed, famous doctors such as Albrecht von Haller and Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland used the plant as a remedy. Tests by the French toxicologist Mathieu Orfila have proven the toxicity of Sedum acre . In 1888, the pharmacologist Jüngst demonstrated through animal experiments that the plant is a real poison for the central nervous system. He isolated an alkaloid mixture which he called Sedin. In 1945 the Canadian Marion succeeded in isolating small amounts of nicotine and sedamine , the first sedum alkaloid. After that, many more alkaloids were found in the plant. Flavonoids and their glycosides were discovered and proven in the 20th century as further active ingredient groups of the spicy stonecrop .

literature

  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers. Determine accurately with the 3-check. 2nd, revised edition. blv, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-405-15766-8 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Dorothea Swart: Succulent medicinal plants and their ingredients - Sedum acre Linné. In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 37, No. 12, 1986, pp. 276-279.
  • Wolfgang Lippert : Crassulaceae. In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe. 3. Edition. Volume IV, Part 2 A, Blackwell-Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-8263-3016-1 , pp. 124-125.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 12: Resedaceae to Platanaceae. Helsinki 1999, ISBN 951-9108-12-2 , pp. 82-83.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 483 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 1, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 642.
  4. ↑ See for example Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburger medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 153 ( Mūrpfëffer ) and 174 ( Steinphëffer ).

Web links

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