Adam Lonitzer

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Adam Lonitzer, 1582

Adam Lonitzer (Latinized Adamus Lonicerus ) (born October 10, 1528 in Marburg , † May 29, 1586 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German naturalist, doctor and botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Lonitzer ".

Live and act

The son of the Marburg classical philologist Johannes Lonicer received a Baccalaureus at the age of 13 and then studied philosophy and medicine at the University of Marburg . In 1545 he obtained his master's degree . He then taught for a year at the municipal grammar school in Frankfurt under the rector Jakob Micyllus , and then taught ancient languages in Friedberg . From 1545 to 1553 he turned to medical studies in Frankfurt and Mainz . In 1553 he became professor of mathematics at the University of Marburg . In 1554 he was promoted to Dr. med. PhD and began to work as a city ​​physician in Frankfurt am Main. Also in 1554 he married Magdalena, the daughter of the Frankfurt book printer Christian Egenolff .

Title illustration of the Kreüterbuch

From 1550 Lonitzer occupied himself with herbal books , where he described the plants mainly from a medical-pharmaceutical point of view. He compiled illustrations from older herbal books and described the species, including their identifying features and locations for common native plant species. Lonitzer's books were only printed by his father-in-law and, after Egenolff's death, by his heirs.

Most of the plant images in his herb book come from the herb book by Eucharius Rößlin the Younger , which in turn contains illustrations from Otto Brunfels ' Herbarum vivae eicones and those by the draftsman Drusilla .

Many of the plants and fungi he described have practical uses. In Lonitzer's book of herbs, among other things, the first description of claviceps sclerotia ( mother grains ) can be found. Among other things, he also described devices and processes, for example for distilling brandy , which he in turn took from a book by Hieronymus Brunschwig .

His Kreuterbuch, first published in 1557 in the Groß-Gart -Tradition (third editorship, class b3) of the Gart der Gesundheit , was printed in 27 editions by 1783. The doctor and editor Peter Uffenbach (1566–1635) expanded Lonitzer's work and included sources such as Ruellius in his edition.

Honors

Charles Plumier named a genus Lonicera in his honor . Carl von Linné later did not take over this genus, but placed it in the genus Loranthus of the plant family of the belt flowers (Loranthaceae).

Linnaeus named the genus Lonicera of the honeysuckle family of plants (Caprifoliaceae) after him .

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Kreuterbuch  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Adam Lonitzer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Strieder , basis for a Hessian scholar and writer story, from the Reformation to the present day. 8th volume, Kassel 1788, (Leu-Meur.), P. 86.
  2. ↑ Volker Zimmermann: Lonicerus, Adam. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 863 f .; here: p. 863.
  3. ↑ a b Karl Eugen Heilmann: Herb books in picture and history. 2nd edition, Verlag Konrad Kölbl, Munich-Allach 1973. P. 31f. and p. 220ff.
  4. ↑ Claus Nissen: The Botanical Book Illustration. Your history and bibliography. 2nd edition, with Supplement- Stuttgart 1966, Volume 2, p. 154.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Schiedermair: The "Meelbyrn, Paliurus" in Adam Lonitzer's "Kreuterbuch" (1679). For knowledge of X Sorbopyrus auricularis (Kroop.) Schneid. - Rose hip pear. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 87-96, here: pp. 88 f.
  6. ↑ Martin Stohler: LSD and its long trip back to the laboratory in: TagesWoche from April 20, 2018.
  7. ↑ See: Brunschwig, Hieronymus: Das distilierbuch. The book of the right art of distilling and burning the waters . Strasbourg: J. Grüninger 1515. CXXX leaves, title woodcut, 239 text woodcuts. 4th edition.
  8. ↑ Gundolf Keil: "Gart", "Herbarius", "Hortus". Notes on the oldest herbal book incunabula. In: Gundolf Keil (ed.): "Gelêrter der arzenîe, ouch apotêker": Contributions to the history of science. Commemorative publication Willem F. Daems . Wellm, Pattensen 1982 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Volume 24). ISBN 3-921456-35-5 , pp. 589-635, here: pp. 611-613.
  9. ↑ Johannes Gottfried Mayer : The truth about the garden of health (1485) and its continued life in the herbal books of the early modern period. In: Sabine Anagnostou , Florike Egmond and Christoph Friedrich (Eds.): A passion for plants: materia medica and botany in scientific networks from the 16th to 18th centuries. (= Sources and studies on the history of pharmacy, vol. 95) Stuttgart 2011. ISBN 978-3-8047-3016-8 , pp. 119–128.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Schiedermair: The "Meelbyrn, Paliurus" in Adam Lonitzer's "Kreuterbuch" (1679). For knowledge of X Sorbopyrus auricularis (Kroop.) Schneid. - Rose hip pear. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 87–96, here: pp. 89 f.
  11. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera . Leiden 1703, p. 26.
  12. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 93.
  13. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 151.
  14. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 75.
personal data
SURNAME Lonitzer, Adam
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lonicerus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German naturalist, doctor and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH October 10, 1528
PLACE OF BIRTH Marburg
DATE OF DEATH May 29, 1586
Place of death Frankfurt am Main