Schimmel from Bronnzell
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The Schimmel von Bronnzell is an ironic phrase about the shameful result of a company driven with great effort and expectations. The phrase goes back to the Austro-Prussian conflict in the autumn crisis of 1850 , when the Prussian union policy was not enforced by war, but ended by the Olomouc punctuation . The aforementioned mold, i.e. the outcome, was repeatedly held up against Bismarck in his further ambitions for Prussian hegemony within the German Confederation. This also played a key role in bringing about the duel between Bismarck and Georg von Vincke .
Historical background
For federal intervention in the Electorate of Hesse came when Elector I. Friedrich Wilhelm and his arch-conservative Minister Ludwig Hassenpflug the liberal Kurhessische 1831 Constitution suspended and enforce this measure on 7 September 1850, the martial law imposed on the country. This triggered the Kurhessian constitutional conflict. On September 12, the elector called the Bundestag of the German Confederation for help in enforcing his autocratic counterrevolution. But 241 of the 277 Hessian officers had taken an oath not only on the elector, but also on the constitution and did not want to break the oath in this constitutional conflict . Thereupon they submitted their dismissal requests between October 9 and 12, 1850, and the Hessian military was unable to act.
On September 21, the Federal Assembly approved the elector's motion, but without Prussia's consent . Now Prussia concentrated its own troops on the border with Kurhessen, as it saw its military roads to the Rhineland threatened. This led to the contradiction of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria . On October 12, 1850, at a personal meeting in Bregenz with Emperor Franz Joseph and King Wilhelm I of Württemberg , King Maximilian II of Bavaria undertook to oppose a possible Prussian intervention and to allow his troops to participate in a federal intervention in favor of the Hessian elector . The Federal Assembly then decided on October 16 to send occupation troops to Kurhessen in order to restore the "orderly state". On October 28, at a meeting with the Russian Tsar Nicholas I in Warsaw in the so-called "Warsaw Agreement" , Prussian government representatives declared themselves ready to withdraw the Prussian troops ; A federal commissioner should be installed in Kassel to restore order there.
Schimmel from Bronnzell
In order to enforce the decision of the Federal Assembly and to end the Hessian constitutional crisis in the interests of the electoral government, Bavarian- Austrian troops with a total of 25,000 men first moved into the province of Hanau on November 1, 1850 . They were referred to as penal Bavaria by the Hessian population . Prussia responded on November 2 with the invasion of two divisions under Karl von der Groeben in northern Hesse. The goal was to occupy the strategic stage road for Prussia in Kurhessen near Hersfeld. Since this was a violation of the Warsaw Agreement, Austria demanded the immediate withdrawal of all Prussian troops from Kurhessen. The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV ordered the mobilization on November 5th . When on November 8th the Prussian army faced the united Austrians and Bavarians and there was to be a battle near Bronnzell, nothing more than a small outpost battle happened. Five Austrian hunters were slightly injured on the part of the federal troops , and a Bavarian tirailleur (rifleman), Private Benedikt Mutzel. lost a boot; On the Prussian side, two lieutenants had their coats perforated. The 16-year-old gray of a trumpeter of the Prussian Hussar Regiment No. 10 named Heloise , who was hit in the left loin by an enemy bullet, so that he later had to be killed, became famous. Friedrich Wilhelm IV shied away from war, and the Prussian troops were ordered to retreat to the stage roads. This gray from Bronnzell was included in the town's coat of arms in 1969.
End of the Prussian union policy
On November 29, the Olomouc puncture took place , with which the Electoral Hesse was exposed to the measures of the Bundestag. The Prussian troops evacuated the country, and the Bavarian-Austrian penal Bavarians occupied the most important cities and towns in Kurhessen in order to break any form of opposition. The Prussian Prime Minister Otto Theodor von Manteuffel commented on the events: "The strong man boldly steps back." The capital Kassel was occupied on December 16, 1850. The Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Count Christian Seraphin Vincenz von Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen was appointed Federal Commissioner to enforce the decisions of the Federal Assembly. After the Peace of Berlin , Prussia had to give up its nation-state project, the Erfurt Union , for good.
literature
- Rüdiger Ham: Federal intervention and constitutional revision. The German Confederation and the Hessian constitutional question 1850/52 . Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt & Marburg, 2004 (= sources and research on Hessian history 138). ISBN 3-88443-092-0 .
- Oskar Schenk: The “Strafbayern” in Hanau . In: Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, p. 382f.
- Michael Mott : Not only the workhorse of the Bronzeller Fools / A hussar horse that was shot made Bronnzell famous one day . In: Fuldaer Zeitung, January 31, 1991, p. 12 (series: DENK-mal!).
- Michael Mott: The gray horse was not the only victim / 150 years ago the "Battle of Bronnzell" was fought / Prussia faced Bavaria and Austrians / New memorial stone . In: Fuldaer Zeitung, November 8, 2000, p. 15.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Oncken , The Age of Emperor Wilhelm , 1890 first volume p. 321
- ↑ The Fulda-Bronnzell district with the Ziegel district ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on Fulda.de, accessed on November 10, 2016
- ^ Wilhelm Oechelhaeuser: Memoirs from the years 1848 to 1850, p. 76
