Chinese split basket
| Chinese split basket | ||||||||||||
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| Schisandra chinensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Turcz. ) Baill. |
The Chinese split cup ( Schisandra chinensis ), also called Chinese berry grape or Chinese lime tree (chin .: Wu Wei Zi), is a species of the genus of split baskets or berry grapes ( Schisandra ) in the star anise family (Schisandraceae). It is one of China derived medicinal plant . Its earliest mention goes back to the Han Dynasty .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Schisandra chinensis is a deciduous, perennial woody climbing plant , i.e. liana , which reaches heights of growth of around 8 meters.
The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 0.9 to 4 inches long. The simple leaf blade is with a length of 4.5 to 8 (rarely up to 10.5) centimeters and a width of 2.5 to 6.5 centimeters elliptical to obovate.
Flowers, fruits and seeds
Schisandra chinensis is dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). The flowers stand individually over a short-lived bract from the base of young shoot axes. The bare flower stalk has a length of 0.6 to 2.8 cm in male flowers and a length of 0.7 to 3.5 cm in female flowers. The unisexual flowers are fragrant. There are five to nine white, cream-colored to yellow, bare bracts , the largest of which is 6.5 to 11 mm long and 2 to 5 mm wide. In the male flowers the five to six stamens are more or less free, they have none or some of them only a very short stamina. The pollen is six-colpat. The female flowers contain 17 to 40 free, spirally arranged carpels . The flowering period extends from May to July.
Many fruits hang together on a 2 to 7.5 cm long, bare fruit stalk. Aromatic pink to red fruits are formed that have a length of 5 to 7.5 and a diameter of 6 to 8 millimeters and contain only one or two seeds. The seeds have a smooth seed coat (testa). The fruits ripen from July to September.
ingredients
The fruits have been used in Chinese herbalism for a long time because of their healing properties. Since the plant contains essential oil , this is also used in the perfume industry. The fruits contain vitamin C , citric acid , malic acid and pectin . The seeds and leaves contain the active ingredient schisandrin .
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Occurrence
The Chinese split cage occurs from Far Eastern Asiatic Russia to central Japan and northern China.
Systematics
The basionyma is Kadsura chinensis Turcz. ; The Russian botanist Nikolai Turchaninow assigned this species to the genus Kadsura in 1837 in Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou , 10 (7), p. 149 . The French botanist Henri Ernest Baillon presented this species in 1868 in Histoire des Plantes , 1, p. 148 as Schizandra chinensis in the genus Schizandra . Further synonyms are Maximowiczia chinensis (Turczaninow) Ruprecht ex Maximowicz , Maximowiczia japonica K. Koch , Maximowiczia amurensis Ruprecht , Polycarpa maximowiczii and Schisandra chinensis var. Leucocarpa P.H. Huang & LHZhou .
effect
It is said to have a regenerative and performance-enhancing effect, and is also used in Chinese medicine for diabetes mellitus , palpitations, insomnia , eczema , poor eyesight , poor hearing , colds , hepatitis , urinary tract diseases , premature ejaculation, asthma and depression . In China, it is considered a sexual tonic for both sexes in conjunction with yohimbe and ginkgo biloba . It is an adaptogenic medicinal plant.
use
Schisandra chinensis is hardy in Central Europe .
Fresh fruits taste unusual (sweet, sour, hot, bitter to salty). The fruits can be used to make jam, syrup, non-alcoholic drinks or liqueurs. Tea can be prepared from the fruits , whereby the cooking time is max. 20 minutes is specified.
Dried fruits taste like a mixture of juniper berries and thuja , peppery-hot with a sour aftertaste.
The berries can also be chewed, three to four berries at a time, several times a day throughout the day. In addition, Schisandra capsules are also available for oral use.
swell
- Yuhu Liu, Nianhe Xia, Liu Yuhu & Richard MK Saunders: Schisandraceae in the Flora of China , Volume, p. 46: Schisandra chinensis - Online. (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schisandra chinensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Schisandra chinensis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- ↑ Entry in Tropicos . .
- ↑ Ernst Stürmer: Treasure House China Pharmacy: Entry into the medicinal herbs customer of TCM . tredition, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7439-3171-8 ( google.de [accessed on February 13, 2019]).
- ↑ Dericks-Tan, Vollbrecht: In the footsteps of the wild fruits in Europe, Abadi-Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-021129-4 , pp. 255-256
