Schlag (Dresden)

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The Dohnaische and the Pirnaische Schlag on a city map from 1828

As shock (Mz. Beats ) were in Dresden those parts of the suburbs called, although they were structurally nor their region and even within the precincts border were the city, but in turn the transition between the (pre-) more urban development and the rural environment formed. They were derived from the barriers that were erected , which since the early Middle Ages have been referred to as blows themselves . The term was first mentioned in a document in 1577 with the brick hammering and acquired a special meaning from 1703 with the introduction of the general consumption excise tax . As a result, it was carried over more and more to the neighboring suburban houses and areas: Designations from the Middle Ages were thereby displaced (and are now forgotten), the term Schlag for these parts of Dresden's urban area only disappeared in the middle of the 20th century after the destruction Dresden 1945 from the usage.

history

The fact that the walls and city gates of Dresden received an additional outer wall in the 1420s (especially in 1427 and 1428) and a kennel between the two is just as documented as a back-up security (bailey) of the city gates on the other side of the moat, which is called tarras or slege can be documented, whereby the Middle High German slege was later understood as beats . The expansion of these front gates was first specifically proven in 2003 when such a front bailey was discovered in front of the former Frauentor during excavation work on Neumarkt . Even if these outer castles disappeared with the new construction of the city ​​fortifications from 1530, the term slac (Mz. Slege ) persisted , but was now used for the barriers in front of the city gates, where the local taxes ("market penny", drink tax, etc.) ) had to be paid. The oldest documented mention, that of the "Ziegelschlage" on the brick gate , which was walled up around 1590 , comes from a document from 1577 when the Privileged Archery Society in Dresden had to move from the later Wilsdruffer suburb to the "meadow in front of the Ziegelschlage".

The blows on the old town side in 1849

The term Schlag received a completely different meaning in the city ​​area when the general consumption excise tax was introduced in 1703 under Elector August II (called: August the Strong ) , a type (and predecessor) of sales tax that differentiated the taxation of inhabited and non-residents . for sparsely populated areas. Therefore, the electoral Saxon management built into the Dresdner communities that were outside the city walls (the precincts of Dresden was significantly expanded in 1554) a barrier for the tax limit at the end of structurally connected region in 1704 on all arterial roads, a shock . It was generally given the name of the direction of the respective street, such as " Dohnaer " or "Dohnaischer Schlag" or " Freiberger Schlag". Exceptions were the blows in the Ostragehege and in the southeastern suburb of the lake (also known as "blind blows") and the one on the way to Blasewitz , which was called Ziegelschlag . The "beats" were lowered at night, and during the day there were posts who lifted the blow when the tax (also known as "market money" in common parlance) had been paid.

This was finally followed by permanent buildings, so-called collector houses , in which the collector , i.e. H. the tax officer and the guards assigned to him had their headquarters and were established until 1721. After 1740 it can be proven that the designation Schlag was transferred more and more to the buildings surrounding the turnpike, now the entire area there was called Schlag .

The ordinance concerning the organization of the administrative authorities for indirect state taxes of December 10, 1833 brought the abolition of the general consumption excise tax (and the abolition of all associated authorities) on January 1, 1834, but not the complete abolition of the barriers: From the end In the 18th century, the road toll , a kind of road user fee, was introduced, for which the collectors were also responsible. With this the state (re) financed the improvement of the road conditions. It was not until June 24, 1884, that the bridge and highway fees in the Kingdom of Saxony were abolished by law at the end of 1885, so that the last barriers were only now removed. However, the districts located there retained their (unofficial) names, their use (although not all well-known names, especially Ziegelschlag , Falkenschlag , Freiberger Schlag and Löbtauer Schlag ) can be traced in the literature practically until the destruction of Dresden in 1945 (see for example Paul Dittrichs Between Hofmühle and Heidenschanze - History of the Dresden suburbs Plauen and Coschütz from 1940 and 1941).

Environweg

In order to prevent tax fraud, from 1710 onwards, the fields and parts of the suburbs were additionally surrounded with palisades. This should prevent them from being bypassed or bypassed.

On the orders of King Anton , a bypass route (then called Environ-Weg , later 1st Environweg ) was built in 1823 , which includes parts of the later 26er Ring : Ammonstraße , Sidonienstraße and Güntzstraße belong to it. It was completed by 1850.

List of urban areas in Dresden designated as “Schlag”

According to the first address book of Dresden ( Dresden for the useful knowledge of its houses and their residents ) there were the following hits in 1797 (in alphabetical order):

As blows in front of the actual urban area can be recorded from east to west in the first half of the 19th century on the old town side, in brackets, for example, the location in today's urban area:

  • Ziegelschlag (Ziegelstrasse, located approximately at the western end of the Elias cemetery )
  • Rampischer Schlag (today's Pillnitzer Straße, near St. Benno-Gymnasium )
  • Pirnaischer Schlag (the Pirnaische Straße, which existed until 1945, at the intersection with Blüherstraße, today's street ends a little further south)
  • Dohnaischer Schlag (drawn-in street An der Kaitzbach, only recognizable as a road body north of the Bürgerwiese , roughly opposite the point where the (south through) street “ Bürgerwiese ” is renamed “ Parkstraße ”)
  • Dippoldiswalder Schlag (part of today's Seevorstadt-West and largely undeveloped)
  • Plauischer Schlag (later on Plauenschen Platz , today devastated )
  • Falkenschlag (initially at Sternplatz / confluence with Maternistraße (at Falkenhof), the street leading out of town was called Vor dem Falkenschlage , later moved to the beginning of Zwickauer Straße and Vor dem Falkenschlage renamed Falkenstraße (still like this today))
  • Freiberger Schlag (area around Freiberger Strasse between Ammonstrasse and Rosenstrasse, devastated)
  • Löbtauer Schlag (area south of Weißeritzstrasse and Schäferstrasse, near the Friedrichstadt town hall )
  • Schäferschlag (also Briesnitzer Schlag, area around Schäferstrasse and Waltherstrasse in Friedrichstadt , intersection Schäferstrasse / Waltherstrasse, the Hamburger Strasse leading out of town was named Vor dem Briesnitzer Schlage )
  • Exit to the Ostragehege (intersection Schlachthofstrasse / Magdeburger Strasse)
  • Ostrawiesen-Schlag (intersection Packhofstrasse / Devrientstrasse)

On the Neustadt side it was from south to north:

literature

Web links

  • Beats in the Stadtwiki Dresden

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eva Papke: The Dresden city fortifications until 1500 . In: Karlheinz Blaschke (Hrsg.): History of the city of Dresden. Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the Thirty Years War . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1906-0 , pp. 279-290, here: p. 285.
  2. ↑ For the name interpretation see z. B. Wilhelm Müller, Friedrich Zarncke: Middle High German Dictionary. Volume 2: S , facsimile printing, TP Verone Publishing, 2017, p. 380 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  3. ^ Entry: Beats , in Folke Stimmel et al .: Stadtlexikon Dresden A – Z , Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1994, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 , p. 371.
  4. ↑ Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Kingdom of Saxony, 1833, p. 457. See history of the main tax and main customs offices and their subordinate authorities, footnote 01 on archiv.sachsen.de , accessed on February 17, 2020
  5. ↑ Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Kingdom of Saxony, 1884, p. 145. See history of the main tax and main customs offices and their subordinate authorities, footnote 20 on archiv.sachsen.de , accessed on February 17, 2020
  6. ↑ Paul Dittrich: Between Hofmühle and Heidenschanze - History of the Dresden suburbs Plauen and Coschütz. 2nd, revised edition. Publishing house Adolf Urban, Dresden 1941.
  7. ^ Arno Scheer: Dresden-Johannstadt. The world before the brickbreak. Historical hiking trips No. 3, ed. by Artur Brabant. C. Heinrich, Dresden-N. 1930, p. 12/13.
  8. ^ Fritz Löffler: The old Dresden. History of his buildings. 1st edition, Sachsenverlag, Dresden 1956, p. 401 (and all subsequent editions, different page numbers (11th edition 1992: p. 486))
  9. ↑ Gottlob Wolfgang Ferber: Dresden for the useful knowledge of its houses and their residents . Ferber, Dresden 1797, p. 696, also digitized
  10. ↑ a b Entry: Beats , in Folke Stimmel et al .: Stadtlexikon Dresden A – Z , Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1994, ISBN 3-364-00300-9 , p. 371. It goes to Fritz Löffler: Das alten Dresden. History of his buildings. 1st edition, Sachsenverlag, Dresden 1956, p. 409 (and all subsequent editions), including the wrong date in the city dictionary.