Brand Castle

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Brand Castle near Marktredwitz

The fire castle stands on the northern edge of the through Kössein divided into two halves historic center of firing at Marktredwitz . The complex was first mentioned in 1221 and was the seat of ministerials in the Middle Ages .

history

Coat of arms of the
von Brand family

With a Meino de brande appearing as a witness in a Waldsassen certificate, the place and the noble von Brand family were attested for the first time. Originally the Brander were dependent on the Lords of Liebenstein. After they died 1291 fire was in the hands of Notthafft and Paul Strand , in turn, the Brander so mortgaged .

In the Eger land tax book of 1392, “Prant” is still listed under the places belonging to the Egerland . "Prannt das dorff mit sat vnd ​​kirchen, on des Erhart Prantners teyl" can be found in 1414 in a list of goods that Burgrave Johann III. from Nuremberg had withdrawn from the Egerland. Although the burgrave promised to return various goods to the Cheb people, including Brand, Brand remained in the Hohenzollern territory and was incorporated into the Arzberg judicial office . Following the wording of a complaint from 1414, where the plural of “sat” is used, there must have been several noble seats at that time - perhaps three, as in 1499 - that were located within the castle property. At that time the seats were occupied by Erhard Brantner and his uncle Berthold Brantner. Obviously, Berthold Brantner had the burgrave Johann III. assumed.

In 1441, the sons of Berthold Brantner, Nickel and Hans, entrusted their entire property to Margrave Johann Alchymista in Brand , which led to a dispute with the Notthafften zum Weißenstein , which smoldered for generations until 1625, when an arbitral tribunal found it that the whole Brand estate was under the feudal rule of the Notthracht family. The famous composer Jobst von Brandt , who lived in Brand Castle and created his late works there, was also involved in this dispute .

Their eponymous headquarters remained in the hands of the von Brand family until after the Thirty Years' War . In 1662 the widow of Hans Wilhelm von Brand sold her property to Georg Christoph Renner. Hans Wolff von Brand sold the remaining shares to Wolf Adolph Marschall in 1682 . On April 19, 1690, a fire destroyed the previous palace buildings, but the topping-out ceremony was held at the rebuilt palace as early as the next year.

In the 18th century, a number of castle owners quickly changed. The feudal lordship of the Notthracht family over the manor existed until the 19th century. On May 29, 1801, at the request of the then owner Christian Freiherr von Lindenfels, the feudal association was abolished. From 1864 to 1884 the manufacturer Hans Max Philipp von Beust owned the palace. The last noble owner of the estate was Albert Evan Edwin Reinhold Freiherr von Seckendorff , who had acquired it in 1890 from Johanna von Voss, née Freiin von Beust . From his step-daughter Liane von Plänckner, the castle came into the possession of the Bavarian Forest Administration in 1937. In the years 1938 to 1943, the interior of the castle was largely changed by the district farmers of the Reichsnährstand . During the Second World War , Brand Castle served as a secret laboratory for the Nuclear Physics Working Group. Even Otto Hahn was staying often in the castle.

From 1969 to 2007 Brand Castle was in the hands of the Bischofshofbräu Regensburg. Since then, the new owner, the Margravial Collegium Historiae e. V. about a proper renovation of the historical building.

Building description

The Brand Castle consists essentially of two free-standing castle buildings, which are connected to each other by a tower built on a rectangular floor plan, which is now used as a staircase. The enormous wall thicknesses recognizable in the ground floor plan of the northeast building suggest a medieval core of this house. The rest of the building fabric probably goes back to the time of reconstruction after the fire of 1690, but was heavily reshaped in the 19th and above all in the 20th century. The portal building attached to the north side of this wing was probably built in the 18th century and stylistically shows the transition from late baroque to classicism . The former production building of the brewery, attached to the northeast wing to the east, is an ingredient of the 19th century.

literature

  • Bernhard Hermann Röttger : District of Wunsiedel and urban district of Marktredwitz . Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern , VIII. Administrative Region Upper Franconia, Volume 1. Munich 1954, ISBN 3-486-41941-2 , pp. 90-100.
  • Martin Schreyer: Brand Oberfranken, a place through the ages . Marktredwitz 2008.
  • Harald Stark : The Brand manor near Marktredwitz, an emergency fiefdom . In: The narrator from Gabelmannsplatz . Local supplement Frankenpost / Sechsämterbote, No. 39, May 2000.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Brand  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 3 ″  N , 12 ° 8 ′ 30 ″  E