Effiat Castle

Effiat Castle

The castle Effiat ( French Château d'Effiat ) is located in the municipality of the same name Effiat in the Puy-de-Dôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region . The complex was classified as a Monument historique on April 16, 1942, June 6, 1980 and March 10, 2004 .

history

In 1557 Antoine and Françoise de Neuville, brother and sister, sold to Gilbert I Coëffier (1510–1564) and Bonne Ruzé de Beaulieu († 1609), his wife, a piece of land surrounded by moats with a tower, a house and stables from the 14th Century. The new owners built a mansion, today's white plastered main wing of Effiat Castle. Her grandson, Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé (approx. 1581–1632), later Marquis and Maréchal d'Effiat, inherited the manor house in 1610, the year he married Marie de Fourcy († 1670). When Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé, who was a friend of Cardinal Richelieu , 1625 financial advisor to Louis XIII. With the support of his uncle Martin Ruzé and with his fortune, he tore down most of the old structures and expanded the manor house, which was burdened with debts, into a modern castle, which was built between 1626 and 1628 - the church of Saint-Blaise, which was demolished for this purpose, was also changed Place rebuilt. Ruzé bought land from the surrounding residents for what would later become the widely famous park. Ruzé commissioned the architects Jacques Lemercier and Clément Métezeau as well as the royal gardener André Mollet with the construction of the castle, the garden and the Effiat settlement. Ruzé rose politically during the construction period: in 1627, Ludwig XIII. Ruzé's possessions to marquisate and in 1631 appointed him Marshal of France . In 1627 he had a college of the French Oratorio , founded by Pierre de Bérulle in 1611, opened on his property , in which twelve nobles from his marquisate were to be instructed in religious work. Louis XIV confirmed this foundation and awarded it twelve grants. Louis XVI converted the college in 1776 into a military school under the direction of the oratorio. Students at this military academy included Louis Charles Antoine Desaix , Pierre Charles Silvestre de Villeneuve, and Louis de Casabianca . In the years from 1630 to 1632 the school, which was to be run by the oratorios, and a hospital were built.

Portrait of Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat from the 17th century

Before the end of the construction project, on July 27, 1632, the marquis died on a military undertaking in Alsace . In his will, he had instructed his wife to continue the construction work, but many remained unfulfilled: the planned settlement no longer came about after Ruzé's death, the facade decoration of the castle with Volvic stone was never completed, as was the moat. Marie de Fourcy handed the castle over to her son Martin Louis (1612 – after 1637). Even deceased young, his eldest son Antoine (1638–1719), the grandson of the Marquis d'Effiat, continued the property. Martin's younger brother, the Marquis de Cinq-Mars , however, was never the owner of Effiat. When Antoine died on June 2, 1719 without an heir, his cousin Paul-Jules de la Porte-Mazarin (1666–1731) sold the castle after only three months to Louis de la Tour d'Auvergne, who in turn on April 20, 1720 sold to John Law . After the confiscation of its property, the marquisate was assigned to the Sampigny d'Issoncourt family on September 4, 1724 and remained in their possession until 1846. During this time, the missing white trompe-l'oeil effect was applied to the Complete the work of the Marquis d'Effiat. In 1846, two years before the revolution of 1848, Sidonie de Sampigny sold the property to a real estate agent named Boucard. The revolution made a resale impossible, so Boucard 1853 a Treaty Sale tried but which also failed. Bouchard then began using the castle as a quarry, selling the park in plots and selling all furniture at auctions. In the course of this, in the spring of 1856, the Musée de Cluny bought numerous pieces of furniture from the castle, including a bed and six chairs from the mid-17th century in the Musée du Louvre and another bed in the Azay-le castle -Rideau as well as a third bed and a screen in the Écouen castle .

In the same year, Léonce Moroges de Bonneval, the great-great-grandfather of the current owner Hubert de Moroges, bought the remains of the Effiat castle. The family has been renovating the castle since then; the park was largely restored according to old plans from the 17th century. The castle is open to visitors.

Brief description

Entrance with a drawbridge

The complex is surrounded by moats on two sides . A mighty gate with a drawbridge forms the entrance. Only two pavilions remained of the original castle , while two wings of the building were demolished. The facade is decorated with Doric pilasters . The outbuildings and the courtyard were built in the late 17th century.

literature

• La route des châteaux d'Auvergne. Allier - Cantal - Haute-Loire - Puy-de-Dôme. De Borée, Cournon d'Auvergne 1996, ISBN 2-908592-50-9 , p. 16.
• Gaston d'Angelis (ed.): Merveilles des châteaux d'Auvergne et du Limousin. Hachette, Paris 1971, pp. 54-61.
• Ernest de Ganay: Châteaux de France. Regional Center and South. Tel, Paris 1950, pp. 17-18.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Effiat  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Entry of the castle in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Report on le château d'Effiat. In: www.passionchateaux.com. Retrieved October 5, 2016 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b} Patrice Salin: Notice on Chilly-Mazarin: le château, l'église, le village, le Maréchal d'Effiat. In: archive.org. 1867, Retrieved October 5, 2016 . 
4. ↑ Chateau Effiat - Chateau-effiat.com. In: www.chateau-effiat.com. Retrieved October 8, 2016 . 
5. ↑ Olivier Paradis: Desaix, le collégien d'Effiat . In: Annales historiques de la Révolution française . No. 324 , June 1, 2001, ISSN  0003-4436 , p. 5–20 , doi : 10.4000 / ahrf.346 ( revues.org [accessed October 8, 2016]).
6. ^ Muriel Barbier: Lit d'Effiat | Musée du Louvre | Paris. In: www.louvre.fr. Retrieved October 8, 2016 . 

Coordinates: 46 ° 2 ′ 37 ″  N , 3 ° 15 ′ 6 ″  E