Schönleiten Castle
The Castle Schönleiten , also called Heilmayergut, is now a mission house and private school with public status of the Sacred Heart Missionaries . It also has a boarding school.
Originally it was an estate in the Liefering district in Salzburg
It is close to the Europark and the Christian Doppler Clinic . It is easily accessible due to its location on the Salzburg S-Bahn and the A1 motorway .
history
Establishment of the castle and administration under the cathedral chapter
In 1645, 1647 and 1650, the Salzburg lawyer Andreas Weikh and his wife Maria Wiserin bought three adjacent farm properties (Surheimergut, Esterergut and Schintlergütl) in Liefering; this also included forests on the Walserberg and on the Krüzersberg (this is a piece of woodland at the foot of the Untersberg between Glanegg and Fürstenbrunn ).
On April 14, 1655, the Salzburg canons Johann Dietrich and Karl Ferdinand, Counts of Muggenthal, bought this property, had the old buildings demolished and built a castle with a 2 m high wall and an arched gate on the town and village sides. The agriculture belonging to the castle was handed over to a Meier for management. A bird hearth was part of it, on which u. a. Krammetsvögel were caught. The canons represented the bishop at diets, and they also collected a number of other benefices that guaranteed them generous income.
Johann Dietrich died in 1678, a scrollwork cartouche still reminds of him (inscription: "Johann Dieterich Graf von Muggenthall, Herr zu Waal, des Hochlöbl. Ertzstifft Saltzburg Thumbherr and Scholasticus Ihr. Rome. Kayserl. May. Rath Anno 1655") with two cherub heads the tower of the building. His brother Karl Ferdinand sold the property to Salzburg next year landscape and from there went to the Archbishop Max Gandolf of Kuenburg . As part of a triangular deal, the Johannesschlössl was ceded by the cathedral chapter to the archbishop and Schönleiten Castle came into the possession of the cathedral chapter. The usufruct of the castle was granted to the respective cathedral dean . Among these were important personalities, such as Wolfgang Hannibal Graf Schrattenbach (1699–1711), Leopold Anton E. Baron von Firmian (1713–1718), Sigmund Felix Graf Schrattenbach (1718–1728), Andreas Jakob Graf Dietrichstein (1729–1730) ), Leopold Ernst von Firmian (1733–1739) or Franz Karl Eusebius von Waldburg-Friedberg and Trauchburg (1739–1746). The four corner towers of the castle were removed in 1752 because they were damaged.
Administration under worldly property
After 1767 the castle came into secular hands. First, the high princely councilor and librarian Johann Franz Thaddäus von Kleimayern bought the castle. In 1806 his heirs sold the estate for around 5000 guilders to the married couple Kajetan and Magdalena Heilmayer, owners of the Heilmayer mill in Mülln . Because of this family it was called Heilmayergut by the local population. In the middle of the 19th century, the castle was used as an exile for a Spanish prince.
Acquisition by the Sacred Heart Missionaries and first school operation
After parts of the mission area of the Sacred Heart Missionaries in Melanesia and Micronesia , including New Ireland and New Britain , came under the administration of the German New Guinea Company in 1884 , it became necessary to train German-speaking members for missionary work in these areas. For this reason, the two Fathers Peter Barral (a French) and Johannes Ilge (a Rhinelander) were sent to Germany to found a new mission house there. However, this project failed both in Prussia and Bavaria , because the two did not receive any state approval for the establishment of a mission house due to the Kulturkampf . Finally they continued their search in neighboring Austria . They found what they were looking for in Salzburg, acquired the Heilmayergut for 33,000 guilders in 1888 and converted it into a monastery. In addition, other properties such as the Girlinghof, where the Christian Doppler Clinic is located today , and an estate in Lengfelden , a district of Bergheim , were acquired. On May 20, 1888, the first mass was celebrated in the house chapel, which is why this day is considered the founding day of the mission house in Liefering. For a long time the fathers were called "Heilmayerherrn" and the students as "Heilmayerbuam" after the previous owners.
In November of the same year, the "College of the Sacred Heart Missionaries in Salzburg-Liefering" began training new members of the order on a purely private basis. Because of the renovation of the property, the fathers and students were housed outside in Lengfelden. The school was closed from 1895 to 1901. The students from Austria and Germany were instead trained in the branch in Antwerp until 1897 and in the Hiltrup branch from 1897 to 1901 .
A renaissance- style monastery church was built in 1895 and equipped with an organ in 1909. On December 14, 1895, Titular Bishop Johannes Katschthaler (1832–1914) inaugurated the new chapel of the mission house, designed by the architect Jakob Ceconi (1857–1922).
Resumption of school operations
In order to make better use of the potential for young people from southern Germany and Austria, school operations were restarted in 1901 with 19 students. To prevent a lack of space, a school building in the Renaissance style was built in 1903. It was inaugurated on November 21, 1903 by Prince Archbishop Johannes Katschthaler. In 1914 the boarding school was opened as a junior school for the order and in 1929 another building ( Lyceum ) was built.
The time of National Socialism and the Second World War
In 1938 the National Socialists closed the school. Some of the buildings were reinforced with concrete walls and concrete ceilings, the building was given a camouflage painting and the remains of the old castle wall were torn down in favor of a coach house and a horse stable. A barrack camp for refugees from Ukraine was built on part of the site and on other properties, and Ukrainians were also housed in the school building.
After the Second World War
Due to a mistake in the name of the Americans, this camp was used for refugees after the war under the name "Lager Lexenfeld". From 1946 the grammar school, which received public rights in 1954, was reopened and in 1950 the school building was relocated. The barracks of the "Lexenfeld camp" were demolished and the square has been used as a sports field ever since. The air raid blankets were removed from the school building. In 1955/56 a boarding school was built on the site of the coach house and the horse stable. In 1995/96 the old Domhernnschlössl was converted into a mother house for all Sacred Heart Missionaries, including those who return from missions for reasons of age. The entrance gate to the school was moved in 1972 from Schönleitenstrasse towards the garden front. In 1972/73 another boarding school was built, ignoring future developments; the boarding school has meanwhile been stopped due to a lack of demand. As early as the 1960s, the requirement that all students work as Sacred Heart missionaries was waived. The principle of self-sufficiency from the monastery’s own agriculture was also abandoned due to a lack of monastery members and the workshops run by the monastery brothers were given up. On the other hand, accommodation and guest rooms were built for MC sisters . The “Bondeko” (acronym from the Lingála language for “union, fraternity, friendship”), an Austria-wide liaison with the Third World, is located in the monastery . The original monastery church from 1895 was rebuilt in 1967 into a modern church according to plans by the Salzburg architect Ingeborg Kromp-Schmidt, which was inaugurated by Archbishop Andreas Rohracher on April 1, 1967 after a six-month construction period . These conversions were largely financed through the sale of parts of the large property.
literature
- Gustav Clemen, Bernd Lerch, Alt-Lieferinger eV (ed.): School and boarding school of the Sacred Heart Missionaries in Salzburg-Liefering 1888–2000. From the “small love work” to the open private high school. 75 years of the South German-Austrian Province of the Sacred Heart Missionaries (MSC) . Auer, Donauwörth / Salzburg 2000, ISBN 3-9807169-4-5 .
- Rudolf Besel, MSC: The Schönleiten farm. In: Walter Dorfer (ed.), Peter F. Kramml (ed.), Board of Trustees of the Peter Pfenninger Donation, Liefering (ed.): Liefering. The village in the city . Board of Trustees of the Peter Pfenninger Donation Liefering, Salzburg 1997, OBV , pp. 298–301.
- Gustav Clemen, MSC: The mission house of the Sacred Heart Missionaries with a private high school. In: Walter Dorfer (ed.), Peter F. Kramml (ed.), Board of Trustees of the Peter Pfenninger Donation, Liefering (ed.): Liefering. The village in the city . Board of Trustees of the Peter Pfenninger Donation Liefering, Salzburg 1997, OBV , p. 470.
Web links
- Schönleiten Palace on Salzburgwiki at salzburg.com
- Homepage of the Missionshaus Salzburg-Liefering on herz-jesu-missionare.at
- Homepage of the private high school Liefering on pgliefering.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ Correspondence. Liefering (...) consecration of the chapel. In: Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , No. 287/1895 (XXXI. Year), December 16, 1895, p. 1, center right. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ Granting of public rights for the school year 1954/55 to the private high school of the Sacred Heart Missionaries in Salzburg-Liefering. In: Ordinance sheet for the service area of the Federal Ministry of Education , born in 1955, decree 4/1955, p. 3. (Online at ANNO ). .
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 58.6 ″ N , 13 ° 0 ′ 46.6 ″ E