Black-throated brilliant hummingbird

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Black-throated brilliant hummingbird
Black-throated brilliant hummingbird ♀

Black-throated brilliant hummingbird ♀

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Heliodoxa
Type : Black-throated brilliant hummingbird
Scientific name
Heliodoxa Schreibersii
( Bourcier , 1847)

The black-throated brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa Schreibersii ) or black-throated brilliant is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The black-throated brilliant hummingbird reaches a body length of about 12 cm, with a straight beak about 2.3 cm. The upper side of the males shimmers green, with the front skull glittering. Half of the underside is black with a purple glittering spot in the lower part of the throat, which is bordered by a green band. The rest of the bottom is blackish. The long, strongly forked tail is steel blue. The females are very similar, but have white to fox-red cheek stripes. Under the purple throat patch they are grayish in color with green spots.

behavior

Not much is known about their behavior, except that they move around 2 to 4 meters high in shady bushes, catch insects there and also rest here. They get their nectar from flowering plants such as the heather family and mallow family . They are considered to be standing birds .

Reproduction

Their breeding season is February to May, but active nests have been observed as early as October. A brood consists of two white eggs that the female incubates.

Vocalizations

The long, thin, and very fast call consists of a series of decreasing trills that sound like sii, i, i, i, i, ju, ju . Occasionally they utter a full chup and an ascending series of tsu, tse, tsi tsii sounds.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the black-throated brilliant hummingbird

In Colombia you can find it in the west of the Departamento de Putumayo . Their typical habitat is the undergrowth of Terra Firme forests , but they have also been observed in treetops in the lowlands of Ecuador. They can only be found there in the foothills east of the Andes. They prefer to be close to rivers and streams in areas with variable vegetation. In Ecuador you can find them in the north east of Pompeya and Yuturi up to the Río Pastaza near the Peruvian border. In Ecuador they are mostly on the move at altitudes below 1250 meters, but they have also been observed in the Cordillera del Cóndor up to 1450 meters. In Peru they are only distributed individually in the mountain forests of the eastern Andes and the remote mountain ridges at altitudes between 600 and 1250 meters. In Brazil, they are only found in the far west of the Amazon state .

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies:

  • Heliodoxa Schreibersii Schreibersii ( Bourcier , 1847) - The nominate form occurs from the southeast of Colombia through the east of Ecuador and the northeast of Peru to the northwest of Brazil.
  • Heliodoxa Schreibersii whitelyana ( Gould , 1872) - This subspecies is common in eastern Peru.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier described the black-throated brilliant hummingbird under the name Trochilus Schreibersii . The type specimen came from the upper reaches of the Rio Negro and was collected by Johann Natterer . It was not until 1850 that John Gould introduced the genus Heliodoxa . This name is derived from the Greek words "hēlios, ἡλιος " for "sun" and "doxa, dekhomai δοξα, δεχομαι " for "splendor, glory, approve". The specific epithet is dedicated to the Austrian natural scientist Karl Franz Anton von Schreibers (1775–1852). Whitelyana is dedicated to the British naturalist and collector Henry Whitely (1844-1892).

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( books.google.de ).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 0-8014-8720-X .
  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg, Douglas Forrester Stotz, Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill, Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces Trochilidées du cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , 1847, p. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Description of two new species with the characters of a new Genus of Trochilidae . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 17 , no. 195 , 1849, pp. 95-96 ( online ).
  • John Gould: Descriptions of three new species of humming-birds . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (=  4 ). tape 10 , 1872, p. 452-453 (on- line ).
  • Étienne Mulsant, Édouard Verreaux: Histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches ou colibris constituant la famille des trochilidés . tape 2 . Deyrolle, Paris 1876 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Black-throated Brilliant Hummingbird ( Heliodoxa Schreibersii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 279.
  2. ↑ a b c Black-throated Brilliant (Heliodoxa Schreibersii) at HBW
  3. ↑ a b Thomas Scott Schulenberg, p. 232.
  4. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (Volume 1), pp. 362-363.
  5. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  6. ↑ a b Jules Bourcier, p. 43.
  7. ^ A b John Gould (1872), p. 452.
  8. ^ John Gould (1849), pp. 95f.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 188.
  10. ↑ Étienne Mulsant et al. a., p. 141.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Even if the 1849 booklet was on the title page, this publication did not appear until 1850. In addition to the violet-forehead brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa leadbeateri ( Bourcier , 1843)), he also classified the green- forehead brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa jacula Gould , 1850), the brown-bellied brilliant hummingbird ( Heliodoxa rubinoides ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846)) and the ruby hummingbird ( Clytolaema rubricauda ( Boddaert , 1783)) (Syn: Heliodoxa rubinia Gould , 1850) belong to the new genus. With the subspecies Heliodoxa leadbeateri otero , Gould did not seem entirely sure.