Sword ferns
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| Sword ferns | ||||||||||||
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Nephrolepis exaltata , a popular houseplant |
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| Nephrolepidaceae | ||||||||||||
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| Nephrolepis | ||||||||||||
| Bulkhead |
The sword ferns ( Nephrolepis ) are the only genus of the family Nephrolepidaceae . The 20 to 44 species are distributed almost worldwide in the tropics .
description
The sword ferns are perennial herbaceous plants . Most species grow epiphytically , some species also terrestrially. The fronds grow on a short, upright rhizome . The fronds are simply pinnate or simply pinnate and can reach lengths of several meters in some species.
The basic chromosome number is x = 41.
Systematics, botanical history and distribution
Taxonomy
The genus Nephrolepis was established in 1834 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in Genera Filicum , plate 3. In 1875, Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott was specified as the lectotype species by John Smith in Historia filicum , 226. Synonyms for Nephrolepis Schott are: Davallodes (Copel.) Copel. , Lepidoneuron Fée , Leptopleuria C.Presl , Lindsayoides Nakai .
The family Nephrolepidaceae Pic.Serm. was set up in 1975 by Giuseppe Rodolfo Emilio Pichi Sermolli in Webbia , Volume 29, Page 8. The type genus is Nephrolepis Schott .
Botanical history
According to Christenhusz et al. In 2011, Nephrolepis is the only genus in the Nephrolepidaceae family. According to Hennequin et al. 2010, Hovenkamp & Miyamoto 2005, the genus Nephrolepis is considered difficult to classify in the system. It was placed in the Davalliaceae or Oleandraceae families by Kramer & Green in 1990 . The genus Nephrolepis was also placed in its own subfamily Nephrolepidoideae in the family Oleandraceae. Smith (2006, 2008) introduced it into the Lomariopsidaceae family. The classification into the system of the real ferns (Polypodiopsida) is controversially discussed.
Species and their distribution
Here is a selection of Nephrolepis species:
- Great sword fern ( Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott ): It is found in tropical and southern Africa , in Thailand , Australia , in Florida and from Mexico via Central America and on the Caribbean islands to northern and western South America, in Brazil , Mauritius , and Fiji Nauru spread.
- Nephrolepis brownii (Desv.) Hovenkamp & Miyamoto (Syn .: Nephrolepis floccigera (Blume) T.Moore , Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) FMJarrett ex CVMorton ): She is in Sri Lanka , India , Cambodia , Myanmar , Laos , Thailand, Vietnam , Malaysia , Indonesia , Japan (including the Ryūkyū Islands ), the Philippines , Singapore , Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Hainan and Yunnan . It is a neophyte in Southwest Asia, Australia on Pacific Islands and in the Neotropics.
- Slender sword fern ( Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl )
- Nephrolepis duffii T.Moore : It is common in Melanesia . It is cultivated.
- Upright sword fern ( Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott )
- Nephrolepis falciformis J.Smith : It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Yunnan. It is a neophyte in Southwest Asia and the Pacific Islands.
use
Nephrolepis cordifolia and Nephrolepis exaltata are used as ornamental plants in tropical parks and gardens and are popular indoor plants .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Nephrolepis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Fuwu Xing, Wang Faguo, Peter H. Hovenkamp: Nephrolepidaceae: : Nephrolepis Schott. , P. 227 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 2-3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2013, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e Clifton E. Nauman: Nephrolepis Schott. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508242-7 .
- ↑ a b Nephrolepis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 14, 2019.
- ^ Nephrolepidaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 14, 2019.
- ↑ Maarten JM Christenhusz, Xian-Chun Zhang, Harald Schneider: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 19, 2011, pp. 7-54. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.19.1.2
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
Web links
further reading
- S. Hennequin et al .: Phylogenetics and biogeography of Nephrolepis - A tale of old settlers and young tramps. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 164, 2010, pp. 113-127.
- PH Hovenkamp, F. Miyamoto: A conspectus of the native and naturalized species of Nephrolepis (Nephrolepidaceae) in the world. In: Blumea , Volume 50: 2005, pp. 279–322.
- AR Smith et al .: A classification for extant ferns. In: Taxon , Volume 55, 2006, p. 718.
- JA Crabbe, AC Jermy, JT Mickel: A new generic sequence for the pteridophyte herbarium. In: Fern Gazette; Journal of the British Pteridological Society , Volume 11, 2-3, 1975, pp. 141-162.
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