Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

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Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, illustration

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea , illustration

Systematics
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Red family (Rubiaceae)
Subfamily : Ixoroideae
Tribe : Scyphiphoreae
Genre : Scyphiphora
Type : Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
Scientific name of the  tribe
Scyphiphoreae
Kainul. & B.Bremer
Scientific name of the  genus
Scyphiphora
CFGaertn.
Scientific name of the  species
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea
CFGaertn.

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is only one kind of the only genus Scyphiphora the tribe Scyphiphoreae within the plant family of the Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). It occurs on the coasts of South and Southeast Asia , Australia and the Pacific islands.

description

Appearance and leaf

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea grows as a shrub or small tree and reaches heights of usually 1 to 4, rarely up to 6 meters. He is unarmed. Sometimes stilt roots are formed. Young parts of plants usually contain slime or resin. The somewhat flattened to angular or stem-round twigs have a bare to downy hairy bark . The nodes are sometimes thickened and sometimes the branches are compressed.

The leaves are arranged cross-opposite on the branches and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. They do not have domatia . The articulated, bald petiole is 0.5 to 1.5 inches long. The simple, clearly leathery leaf blade is 2.5 to 7.5 centimeters long and 1.5 to 4.5 centimeters wide and is obovate to broadly elliptical with a wedge-shaped to blunt blade base and a rounded upper end. Both blades are bare and the top of the leaf is usually shiny. The lateral nerves cannot be seen or four to six pairs can be seen. The two durable, 1.5 to 3 millimeters long, simple stipules are fused around the branch, enclose well-developed colleters (glandular appendages) and often have a sparse to densely ciliate margin.

Inflorescence and flower

On the branches, on the side, on 0.5 to 1 centimeter long inflorescence shafts, compressed zymous inflorescences are formed, which have a length of 1.5 to 3 centimeters and a diameter of 2 to 2.5 centimeters and contain some flowers. The evenly dichotomous branching inflorescence axes are structured. The early falling bracts are relatively small and grow together in pairs. There are no more than 2 millimeter long peduncles or the flowers are sessile.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and rarely four, mostly five-fold with a double flower envelope . The rarely four, mostly five bald to downy hairy sepals are cup-shaped fused and the calyx is almost trimmed or there are rarely four, usually five calyx teeth recognizable. The petals are whitish to light yellow. The rarely four, usually five white or pink and outside bare petals are fused together like a salver. The 4 to 5 millimeter long corolla tube is downy hairy on the inside and the throat is somewhat widened. The rarely four, mostly five corolla lobes are convolute overlapping in the flower bud and with a length of about 2 millimeters ovoid-tongue-shaped with a blunt upper end. The rarely four, mostly five stamens protrude more or less far beyond the crown. The short stamens are inserted just below the throat of the crown. The two-chamber ovary includes an upright and a hanging in each chamber ovule . The style ends in two scars that protrude above the crown. There is protandry ; the pollen is deposited on the outer surface of the style and the stigmas to be picked up by the pollinator .

Fruit and seeds

The bald, initially fleshy and later corky stone fruit is 8 to 11 millimeters in length and 3 to 5 millimeters in diameter, ellipsoidal-oblong to ellipsoidal with six or rarely up to eight edges. The durable sepals are present on the stone fruit. The stone fruit contains only one stone core. The ellipsoidal stone core with long edges is two-chambered with two seeds per chamber. The almost cylindrical seed is of medium size and has a membranous seed coat (testa). The endosperm is reduced. On Embryo two elongated cotyledons (are cotyledons ) and a relatively long Radicula present.

Phenology

In China, the flowering period extends from July to November. The fruits ripen in China from August to December.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 11.

Occurrence

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea occurs on the Indian subcontinent, in Thailand , Vietnam , the Philippines , on the western Pacific Islands , New Caledonia , in Australia ( Western Australia , Northern Territory and Queensland ) and in the Chinese province of Hainan . There have been reports of occurrences in Madagascar , but these are currently not confirmed from there. It thrives in the mangrove forest or in its vicinity in the coastal mud at or near sea level.

Systematics

The genus Scyphiphora was established in 1806 with the first description of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea by Carl Friedrich von Gaertner in Supplementum Carpologiae (= De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum , Volume 3), p. 91 and Plate 196, Figure 2. The generic name Scyphiphora is derived from the Greek words skuphos for cup and pherein for bearing and refers to the flowers. A synonym for Scyphiphora C.F.Gaertn. is Epithinia Jack . The tribe Scyphiphoreae was described in Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison & Birgitta Bremer: Phylogenetic relationships and new tribal delimitations in subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae) , In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 173, Issue 3, 2013, p. 387– 406 set up.

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is only one kind of the only genus Scyphiphora the tribe Scyphiphoreae in the subfamily Ixoroideae within the family of the Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae). In which tribe this genus belongs has been controversial since the first description. Molecular genetic studies show that the genus Scyphiphora must be in its own tribe and no longer in the tribe Gardenieae or Vanguerieae as it was until 2013.

swell

  • Tao Chen & Charlotte M. Taylor: Scyphiphora , p. 323 - genus and species - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, February 28, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)
  • Christian Puff & U. Rohrhofer: The character states and taxonomic position of the monotypic mangrove genus Scyphiphora (Rubiaceae) , In: Opera Botanica Belgica , Volume 6, 1993, pp. 143-172.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Tao Chen & Charlotte M. Taylor: Scyphiphora , p. 323 - genus and species - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, February 28, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641- 04-9
  2. ^ Entry in IPCN Chromosome Reports at Tropicos.org from the Missouri Botanical Garden.
  3. ↑ HR Coleman, 2008: Entry in the Western Australia Flora .
  4. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scyphiphora. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  5. ^ Entry in the Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar at Tropicos.org from the Missouri Botanical Garden.
  6. ^ Scyphiphora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 29, 2013.
  7. ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi: CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms. Synonyms, and Etymology , CRC Press, 1999: p. 2443 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  8. ^ Scyphiphora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  9. ↑ a b Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison & Birgitta Bremer: Phylogenetic relationships and new tribal delimitations in subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae) , In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 173, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 387-406: doi : 10.1111 / boj.12038

Web links

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