Senecavirus
| Senecavirus | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senecavirus |
||||||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||||||
| Senecavirus | ||||||||||||||||
| Left | ||||||||||||||||
|
The genus Senecavirus currently comprises only one species (species) of an unenveloped virus from the family Picornaviridae , the Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) , which gives the genus its name . This virus is the only known apathogenic picornavirus (member of the Picornaviridae ). In its natural form it is able to destroy specific tumor cells of some types of brain tumors ; thus it has the property of an oncolytic virus .
The SIA was accidentally in 2002 in a company for gene therapy in Gaithersburg ( Maryland isolated). In the search for contamination of cell cultures , several porcine picornaviruses were isolated from the culture medium of a PER.C6 cell line (transformed, fetal retinoblastoma cells), one of which turned out to be a new virus, which was finally published in 2005 as a newly characterized virus. Since the company is located in Gaithersburg in the so-called Seneca Valley (area of Little Seneca Lake and Seneca Creek ), the virus was named after it. Once identified, it was found in various domestic pigs on pig farms in the United States.
Genome and structure
The genome consists of a single, linear single-stranded RNA with positive polarity and is 7310 nt in length in the only known serotype SVV-001 . The non- coding region at the 5 'end is 666 nt long and contains a type IV IRES , which is similar to the IRES structures of the pestiviruses . At the 3 'end there is also a 71 nt long non-coding region which, with its possible folding structure, is typical for the formation of a kissing loop in order to bring both RNA ends together as a rolling circle during the RNA replication . The greatest sequence similarity exists Members of the genus Cardiovirus and Aphthovirus . Compared to the cardioviruses and the erboviruses, however, the SVV lacks two amino acid positions which are necessary for the catalytic function and which usually enable the function as protease and phosphorylase . This can be a reason for the lack of disease in the natural host.
The SVV's unenveloped capsid, 32.5 nm in diameter, consists of the four capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 (VP for virus protein). The outer protein domains of VP1 and VP2 very likely mediate the binding to the host cell and thus the cell tropism of the virus.
Biological properties
The SVV's natural host is likely to be pigs, from which the virus can be isolated but which at the same time show no symptoms of disease. Antibodies against SVV could also be found in other farm animals, such as cattle and sheep . Anti-SVV antibodies are not found in humans. The cell culture in which the virus was discovered seems likely to have come from fetal calf or piglet serum that was used to cultivate the cells.
In addition to the natural cell tropism in the host animal, the SVV also has a tropism in the cell culture for neuroendocrine tumor cells such as retinoblastoma , neuroblastoma , medulloblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma . These cells which can be infected in vitro are destroyed during virus replication. For this reason, the SVV is considered to be an oncolytic virus that can possibly be used in the therapy of these tumors.
Systematics
-
- Genus Senecavirus
-
- Species Seneca Valley Virus ( en.Senecavirus A , SeVV-A)
- Serotype Seneca Valley Virus USA / SVV-001 (SVV-1)
literature
- AMQ King, MJ Adams, EB Carstens, EJ Lefkowitz (Eds.): Virus Taxonomy. Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Amsterdam 2012, ISBN 978-0-12-384684-6 , pp. 872f
- NJ Knowles, PL Hallenbeck: A new picornavirus is most closely related to cardioviruses. EUROPIC 2005: XIIIth Meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses, Lunteren, The Netherlands, 23.-29. May 2005, Abstract A14 (first description)
- NJ Knowles et al. : Epidemiology of Seneca Valley virus: Identification and characterization of isolates from pigs in the United States . EUROPIC 2005: European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses XIIIth Meeting, Lunteren, Netherlands, May 2005 ( pdf )
- S. Venkataraman et al. : Structure of Seneca Valley Virus-001: an oncolytic picornavirus representing a new genus . Structure (2008) 16 (10): pp. 1555-1561. PMID 18940610 , PMC 2572565 (free full text)
- LM Hales et al. : Complete genome sequence analysis of Seneca Valley virus-001, a novel oncolytic picornavirus. J. Gen. Virol. (2008) 89 (Pt 5): pp. 1265-1275. PMID 18420805
- S. Venkataraman et al. : Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of Seneca Valley virus-001, a new member of the Picornaviridae family . Acta Crystallogr. Sect F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. (2008) 64 (Pt 4): pp. 293-296. PMID 18391430 , PMC 2374260 (free full text)
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus C , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ^ MM Willcocks et al. : Structural features of the Seneca Valley virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element: a picornavirus with a pestivirus-like IRES . J. Virol. (2011) 85 (9): pp. 4452–4461 PMID 21325406 PMC 3126232 (free full text)
- ↑ PS Reddy et al. : Seneca Valley virus, a systemically deliverable oncolytic picornavirus, and the treatment of neuroendocrine cancers . J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. (2007) 99 (21): pp. 1623-1633 PMID 17971529
- ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)
- ↑ ICTV 2016 Master Species List # 31 with Acronyms, (Excel XLSX) , on ViralZone , Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)
- ↑ Details: Senecavirus A , The Picornavirus Pages 2006–2019, The Pirbright Institute, UK. Retrieved February 17, 2019