Șimleu Silvaniei
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Șimleu Silvaniei Schomlenmarkt Szilágysomlyó |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Screeching area | ||||
| Circle : | Sălaj | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 14 ' N , 22 ° 48' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 234 m | ||||
| Area : | 62.26 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 14,436 (October 20, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 232 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Postal code : | 455300 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 60 | ||||
| License plate : | SJ | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2016) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Structure : | 3 districts / cadastral communities: Bic , Cehei , Pusta | ||||
| Mayor : | Septimiu Cătălin Țurcaș ( PNL ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Libertății street, no. 3 loc. Șimleu Silvaniei, jud. Sălaj, RO-455300 |
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Șimleu Silvaniei (outdated Șimlău or Șimleul Sălajului ; German Schomlenmarkt , Hungarian Szilágysomlyó ) is a town in the district of Sălaj in the Kreischgebiet in Romania .
Geographical location
Șimleu Silvaniei is located in the western hill country of Romania ( Dealurile de Vest ) and within it in the Depresiunea Șimleului valley on the upper reaches of the Crasna River . The district capital Zalau is located about 20 km to the east.
history
The oldest archaeological finds in the region date from the 2nd century BC. BC, the time of the Dacians . In the years 1797 and 1889 treasure finds were made on the same property from the 4th / 5th centuries. Century AD and which indicate the presence of East Germanic, presumably gepidic tribes.
The first written mention of Șimleu Silvaniei comes from 1251 under the name Vathasomlyowa . A market is mentioned in 1429.
The late medieval history of the city is essentially connected with the name Báthory . This family, which provided several rulers of Transylvania , had their ancestral seat in the city. Their castle has been documented since the 14th century. At the end of the 16th century they built a mansion in the city; the castle fell into disrepair.
After the Battle of Mohács (1526) , the Kingdom of Hungary , to which Șimleu Silvaniei had belonged until then, fell apart . The city became part of the Principality of Transylvania and from then until 1774 repeatedly suffered from Turkish invasions . The city was also affected by the Kuruts Wars around 1700 and by fighting in the course of the revolution in 1848 .
From the end of the 17th century until 1918 the city belonged to Austria-Hungary , after which it came to Romania. As a result of the Second Vienna Arbitration Award , Șimleu Silvaniei temporarily returned to Hungary from 1940 to 1944. During the Second World War, most of the Jews residing in the city were deported to extermination camps.
The most important industries in the city are wood processing, furniture and textile production, and wine production.
population
In 1850 4027 people lived in the area of today's city, about 60% of them Hungarians . In 1920, of the 7954 inhabitants at that time, 3,511 identified themselves as Hungarians, 2701 as Romanians and 1597 as Jews . Since the end of the Second World War, the Romanians have made up the majority of the population. In 1956 the number of Jews had dropped to 265. In 1992 the highest number of inhabitants was reached with 17,642. In the 2002 census, 16,066 inhabitants were registered in the city, 13,547 of them in the city proper and 2519 in the three cadastral communities. 10,553 were Romanians, 4010 Hungarians, 1425 Roma , 39 Slovaks , 14 Germans , 2 Jews and 23 members of other nationalities.
traffic
Șimleu Silvaniei is located on a branch line from Săcueni to Sărmășag . The national road ( drum național ) DN 1H from Negreni to Aleşd runs through the city . There are regular bus connections u. a. to Cluj-Napoca and Zalau.
Attractions
- Ruins of the Báthory Castle (16th century)
- Monastery of the Holy Trinity in the district of Bic (1720/1994)
- Synagogue (1876), today the Holocaust Museum
- Catholic Church (1532)
Personalities
- Christoph Báthory (1530–1581), Prince of Transylvania
- Stephan Báthory (1533–1586), Prince of Transylvania and King of Poland-Lithuania
- Sophia Báthory (1629–1680), wife of Prince George II. Rákóczi
- Joe Pasternak (1901-1991), Hollywood film director
- Miklós Nyiszli (1901–1956), Jewish-Hungarian author
- Zoltan Farmati (1924-2006), Romanian football player
- Liviu Antal (* 1989), Romanian football player
