Skagen painter

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PS Krøyer: At dinner , 1883. The Skagen painters in good company.
Brøndum's dining room with the artist portraits of the "Round Table".
Will he make it? , around 1880 (detail). Michael Ancher's breakthrough work.
Oscar Björck: An Emergency Shot , 1883.
PS Krøyer: Hip, Hip, Hooray! , 1888 (Göteborgs konstmuseum)
Michael Ancher: The Drowned One , 1896.
Anna Ancher: Sunshine in the Blue Room , 1891.
PS Krøyer: Summer evening on the south beach , 1893.
Laurits Tuxen: Strollers on Skagen Beach , 1922.

The Skagen painters ( Danish Skagensmalerne ) formed Denmark's best-known artist colony in the fishing village of Skagen , which flourished in the 1880s. The artists from Denmark, Norway and Sweden were looking for working conditions and forms of expression that meant a break with the academic conception of art. Your art should be more realistic, "truer" than before. They valued outdoor painting and took their bearings from French realism and naturalism .

Skagen's nature offered them entirely new motives. Instead of billowing wheat fields, lovely lakes and majestic beech forests, which the national romantic school had made a symbol of Danish identity, barren heather, dunes and stormy beach scenes now came into focus. The geographical location of Skagen, high in the north and surrounded by the sea, provided a special light in the summer months. The Skagen painters depicted the hard life of the local population, fishermen and small farmers.

The summer get-together of the artists promoted mutual inspiration, exchange, friendships and healthy competition. However, the group never set up a formal program. Some painters approached impressionism . At the Paris World's Fair in 1889, the work from Skagen earned international recognition. As early as the 1890s, however, the Skagen conception of art was on the defensive, symbolism demanded "spiritual depth", the fantastic, the inexplicable. In the 1930s, Skagen's influence on painting ebbed.

Beginnings

Skagen was visited by artists as early as the first half of the 19th century. Steen Steensen Blicher (1839) and Hans Christian Andersen (1859) discovered the place literarily. The Norwegian painter Martinus Rørbye (1803–1848) came here and in 1834 showed a first study of the beach in Copenhagen's art gallery Charlottenborg . He wasn't supposed to return to Skagen until 1847. In the years that followed, marine painters were mainly active in the area; they only stayed briefly without tying themselves to Skagen.

Flowering and decline

In 1874 Michael Ancher from Bornholm , then a student at the Copenhagen Art Academy , came to Skagen at the invitation of Karl Madsen (1855–1938). Michael Ancher not only found the motifs he was looking for, but also fell in love with the daughter of his innkeepers, Anna Brøndum. In 1875 Madsen and Ancher returned to Skagen, accompanied by Viggo Johansen . All three got engaged: Michael with Anna, Karl and Viggo with two of their cousins. Even Anna Ancher was trained as a painter and was recognized as an equal colleague in the men's round.

Brøndums Hotel in the district of Østerby was the meeting point for the artists' colony . Ane and Erik Brøndum ran the inn with a grocer's shop and taproom since 1859. In 1879 Michael Ancher had settled permanently in Skagen, while Karl Madsen returned from Barbizon , France, very impressed . They were joined by Christian Krohg , Frits Thaulow , Wilhelm von Gegerfelt , Holger Drachmann and the German landscape painter Julius Runge (1843–1922).

In 1882 Peder Severin Krøyer joined, who was to make the artist group internationally famous. Oscar Björck also came in 1882. The following year, 1883, became the culmination of the artist community, which has been immortalized in numerous pictures. Works like Krøyer's Hip, Hip, Hurray! (1884/88) and Michael Anchers Eine Kindertaufe (1883/88) took several years to create because the friends portrayed had little opportunity to sit as models. In 1884, the Kiel marine painter Fritz Stoltenberg was among the artists .

In the 1890s, the intimacy of the circle of friends decreased while Skagen was adopted as a vacation spot by Copenhagen society, even the royal family. The fishing village changed its face. During this period, Krøyer's pictures were created, which today - reproduced hundreds of thousands - have become icons of Skagen painting. In 1895 he and his wife Marie moved into the old town bailiff's apartment (today the seat of Naturstyrelsen Vendsyssel ), but the marriage became increasingly difficult. From 1900 Peder Severin fought against a psychosis , Marie divorced in 1905 and lived with the Swedish composer Hugo Alfvén .

Artist

precursor

The real Skagen painters

The off spring

Later painters in Skagen

Museums

Skagens Museum, 1996.
Michael and Anna Ancher's house, 2007.

Skagens Museum

Skagens Museum was founded on October 20, 1908 in Brøndum's dining room. The founding board included the pharmacist Victor Christian Klæbel, Degn Brøndum (Anna Ancher's brother) and the painters Michael Ancher, PS Krøyer and Laurits Tuxen. Works of art by the Skagen painters were to be collected and donations were to be collected in order to build an exhibition building. For three summers the painters exhibited in Skagen's technical center, after PS Krøyer's death in 1909 in his house in the Skagen forest. In 1919 Degn Brøndum donated his hotel garden to the museum, so that a museum could be built in 1926 according to plans by the architect Ulrik Plesner. In addition to Brøndum, Laurits Tuxen and the Ny Carlsbergfondet also contributed financially. The exhibition opened on September 22, 1928. The collection already comprised over 300 works.

The museum has been expanded several times since then, most recently in 2014/15. Today the collection contains over 1,900 works of art.

Michael & Anna Anchers Hus

The artist couple bought the house in 1884. In 1913 they let Ulrik Plesner add a studio. The daughter and painter Helga Ancher transferred the property to a foundation in 1964. The house with its paintings and completely preserved interior was restored and opened as a museum in 1967. The neighboring farm of the Saxild family was bought and converted for exhibitions.

Drachmanns Hus

In 1902 the well-traveled Holger Drachmann settled in Skagen and bought a house near the Skagen forest. The half-timbered house from 1828 was enlarged by a large studio space and named "Pax". After almost 30 years as a poet, Drachmann turned back to painting. His third wife Soffi Drewsen sold the house in 1910 to a committee of Drachmann friends. The house, original inventory and paintings have been open to the public since 1911.

The Hirschsprungske Samling

The Hirschsprung Collection in Copenhagen was founded in 1911 as a documentation center for Danish art of the 19th century. In addition to valuable paintings, she has numerous studies and sketches by Skagen painters and an extensive correspondence with PS Krøyer.

literature

  • Elisabeth Fabritius : The Denmark of the artist colonies. The Skagen painters, the Funen painters, the Bornholm painters, the Odsherred painters. Kunstnerkoloniernes Danmark, o. O. 2007, ISBN 978-87-88686-42-5 . Pp. 11-47.
  • Knud Voss: painter of light. Nordic art on Skagen. Kunstverlag, Weingarten 1987, ISBN 3-8170-2011-2 .

Web links

Commons : Skagen Painter  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Coordinates: 57 ° 43 ′ 30 "  N , 10 ° 35 ′ 54"  E