Simple hedgehog butt

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Simple hedgehog butt
Common hedgehog (Sparganium emersum)

Common hedgehog ( Sparganium emersum )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Cattail family (Typhaceae)
Genre : Hedgehog Cob ( Sparganium )
Type : Simple hedgehog butt
Scientific name
Sparganium emersum
Rehmann

The Simple hedgehog piston ( Sparganium emersum ) is a plant of the genus hedgehog piston ( Sparganium ) within the family of typhaceae (Typhaceae). The ripe seeds of this aquatic plant form a ball with outward-pointing tips; The common name "hedgehog cob" is derived from this seed arrangement .

Description and ecology

The simple hedgehog's cob is a perennial herbaceous plant that mostly roots at the bottom of shallow waters and spreads with a creeping rhizome . Stems and leaves of this aquatic plant ( hydrophyte ) grow upright, rarely flooding. The flower stems reach heights of growth between 20 and 50 centimeters. The most basic form of divorce widened, with three-edged leaf sheath provided and back to tip clearly keeled leaves grow stiff upright. The basal leaves measure up to 50 centimeters in length and 3 to 10 millimeters in width. The soft floating leaves have a protruding middle nerve on top. The leaves consist of a spongy compressible floating tissue ( aerenchyma ).

The flowering period extends from June to July. The simple hedgehog is single-sexed ( monoecious ). The unbranched, rarely provided with a side branch, inflorescences have four to eight male, below two to five female, distant, spherical flower heads in a cluster-like arrangement. The inflorescences are interspersed with light yellow-green bracts. The ovaries have long, thread-like scars . The pollination is carried by the wind ( anemophily ), also self-pollination occurs.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Similar species

Sparganium emersum is often confused with the narrow-leaved hedgehog's cob ( Sparganium angustifolium Michx. ). This species has non-keeled, mostly flooding leaves. It has only one to three female and one to six male flower heads. It grows in nutrient-poor bog waters and mountain lakes .

Common hedgehog ( Sparganium emersum )

Distribution and location

The simple hedgehog cob is common in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. In North America he is a neophyte . In Central Europe it occurs scattered in the lowlands ; in the lower elevations of the low mountain range and the Alpine foothills it is only rarely found. In the Allgäu , it reaches an upper limit of 850 meters on the Zeiler Höhe between Schloss Zeil and Bad Wurzach .

The simple hedgehog's cob occurs from flat to hill country ( planar to collin ). He settled mainly the banks slow-flowing waters, but also stagnant water such as ditches and ponds to base- and more or less nitrate-rich, usually lime-rich, but also low-carbon, humus-rich mud or Mudde - floors . Sparganium emersum is a characteristic of the plant society (association) of the arrow herb reed (Sagittario-Sparganietum emersi).

He loves light and is therefore looking for vacancies, e.g. B. Drainage ditches. Its flooding forms are usually found in the water lily stocks of cool waters, even between the flooding water crowfoot ( Ranunculus fluitans ) in the rivers of the foothills of the Alps. This is a characteristic of the Ranunculion fluitantis association.

Taxonomy

Sparganium emersum was first published in 1872 by Anton Rehmann . Synonyms for Sparganium emersum Rehmann are: Sparganium emersum subsp. fluitans (Grenier & Godron) Oberdorfer nom. inval., Sparganium simplex var. fluitans Godr. & Gren. , Sparganium simplex W. Hudson 1778 nom. illeg., Sparganium acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) Rydb. , Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb. , Sparganium chlorocarpum var. Acaule (Beeby ex Macoun) Fern. , Sparganium longissimum (EMFries) K.Fritsch .

Sources and further information

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • R. Kiffmann: Sour grasses, rushes and other grass-like plants , self-published by Rudolf Kiffmann, CH 6994 Aranno / Ti (Switzerland), 1991.

Single sources

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Sparganium emersum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  3. ^ Plants Profile of the National Resources Conservation Service USDA . [1]
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 120.
  5. ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : South German Plant Societies. Part I: Rock and wall communities, alpine corridors, water, silting and moor communities. 4th edition, Gustav Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, 1998. ISBN 3-437-35280-6
  6. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  117 .

Web links

Commons : Simple hedgehog ( Sparganium emersum )  album with pictures, videos and audio files