Stalkless catchfly

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Stalkless catchfly
Stalkless catchfly (Silene acaulis)

Stalkless catchfly ( Silene acaulis )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Sileneae
Genre : Glue herbs ( Silene )
Type : Stalkless catchfly
Scientific name
Silene acaulis
( L. ) Jacq.

The Stemless campion ( Silene acaulis ), also known as a cushion Elke is a plant belonging to genus of Silene ( Silene ) within the family of Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration in Atlas of Alpine Flora
Single flowers

Vegetative characteristics

The stalkless catchfly is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows in dense, only up to 3 cm high cushions. The short stems are leafed like roof tiles. The leathery leaves are linear and ciliate on the edge.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The terminal flowers are short stalked. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a diameter of 15 to 25 millimeters . The calyx , up to 10 millimeters long , has ten nerves and five calyx teeth and is narrowed at the base. The pale to purple-red petals are often slightly edged and usually have two-humped scales in the throat.

The short-stalked capsule fruit is six-toothed and up to twice as long as the calyx. The approximately 1 millimeter large seeds are kidney-shaped and have rows of humps.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

ecology

The stemless catchfly is a Chamaephyte . The stem-less catchfly penetrates deep into the rock with a root up to 130 cm long. Due to the compact growth, the stalkless cucumber creates its own microclimate in the upholstery and is therefore well adapted to extreme conditions. The cushion can be up to 2 meters wide and 100 years old. The shoot tips of the pillows are only green on the surface, inside the leaves have died and thus produce their own humus , which is traversed by sprout-borne fine roots.

Occurrence

The stemless catchfly is widespread in several subspecies in the northern hemisphere . In Europe, on the one hand, it settles in the mountains from the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees to the Alps and Apennines to the Dinarides and Carpathians in the south , on the other hand it is widespread in the north in mountains and tundra areas from Iceland and Great Britain via Svalbard and Scandinavia to the Northern Urals . In North America , the species inhabits the tundra areas of Greenland and Canada and the mountains in the west of the continent, to the south in the coastal mountains to Oregon , inland to Arizona and New Mexico . On the east coast, the stemless catchfly occurs from Newfoundland to New Hampshire .

The stalkless catchfly is a species of the class Carici-rupestris-Kobresietea, but also occurs in societies of the class Seslerietea or Caricetea curvulae.

The stemless catchfly can be found in the Alps at altitudes of 1500 to 3600 meters. The subspecies common stemless cucumber ( Silene acaulis subsp. Acaulis ) prefers stony pastures, rocks and ridges on limestone and dolomite and the subspecies pebble-loving stemless cucumber ( Silene acaulis subsp. Exscapa ) has very similar locations on silicate rock.

Systematics

Common stalkless catchfly ( Silene acaulis subsp. Acaulis )

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Cucubalus acaulis Carl von Linné . The new combination to Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. was published by Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin .

Depending on the author, there are different numbers of subspecies or varieties of Silene acaulis , for example:

  • Common stalkless catchfly ( Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Subsp. Acaulis , Syn .: Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. Var. Acaulis , Silene acaulis subsp. Longiscapa Vierh. )
  • Pebble Loving Silene acaulis or pebble-moss campion ( Silene acaulis subsp. Exscapa (All) J. Brown. , Syn .: Silene bryoides Jordan ; Silene acaulis subsp. Bryoides (Jordan) Nyman , Silene norica (Vierh) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.. ; Silene acaulis var. Exscapa (All.) DC. , Silene acaulis subsp. Arctica Á.Löve & D.Löve )
  • Silene acaulis subsp. subacaulescens (FNWilliams) Hultén (Syn .: Silene acaulis var. subacaulescens (FNWilliams) Fernald & H.St.John ): It is distributed from western Canada to the western and central USA.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 , p. 48 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 335-336 .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 364.
  2. ↑ Stemless catchfly . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
  3. ^ A b Silene acaulis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 12, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Stemless Leimkraut Silene acaulis  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files