Nicholas Joseph by Jacquin

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Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin, lithograph by Adolf Kunike , around 1820
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin, painting by Heinrich Friedrich Füger
Johann Knapp : Homage to Jacquin ("Jacquin's Monument") , 1821–1822, Belvedere , Vienna
Memorial plaques for Joseph Franz and Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna (originally gravestones in the Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof )

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (born February 16, 1727 in Leiden , † October 26, 1817 in Vienna ) was an Austrian botanist and chemist . From 1752 he practiced as a doctor in Vienna. Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ Jacq. "

Life

Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin traveled to the West Indies from 1754 to 1759 to collect new plants for the imperial gardens in Vienna and Schönbrunn Palace . After his return he was Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in Schemnitz from 1763 to 1768 , from 1769 Professor of Chemistry and Botany at the University of Vienna, and also director of the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna and later of the Imperial Gardens of Schönbrunn Palace. He introduced experimental methods to chemistry and was instrumental in introducing Linné's system of order in the area of ​​the Habsburg monarchy. He retired in 1797, became a baron in 1806 and was awarded the Order of St. Stephen . His son Joseph Franz von Jacquin also became a professor of botany.

After his death, the University of Vienna commissioned a painting in honor of Jacquin. The Viennese flower painter Johann Knapp created the homage to Jacquin (1821/22), an extraordinary picture in which plants are depicted in a botanically exact manner that were described by Jacquin (Vienna, Austrian Gallery ).

He is buried in the Catholic cemetery Vienna Matzleinsdorf (today: Waldmüllerpark ). In 1875 the Jacquingasse in Vienna- Landstrasse (3rd district) was named after him.

power

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin is the first to describe many plants, mushrooms and animals. In botany and mycology his name is called “ Jacq. ", Abbreviated to" Jacquin " in zoology .

Taxa named after Jacquin

A genus of the Theophrastaceae is named after him Jacquinia L .; a genus of the Orchidaceae is after him Jacquiniella Schltr. named. The mountain pointed keel ( Oxytropis jacquinii Bunge ) also bears his name. According to the IPNI , 65 species bear the eponyms jacquiniana , jacquinianum or jacquinianus .

Honors

In 1786 he became a foreign and in 1812 honorary member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . Since 1780 he was also an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg . In 1806 he was elected honorary member of the Imperial Society of Naturalists in Moscow . In 1804 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris. In 1807 he was elected a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

In the year of his death in 1817, a commemorative medal, bronze, 65 mm, was made by Joseph Daniel Böhm . Literature: Brettauer 555.

In 1905 a bust of Leopold Schrödl was unveiled in his honor in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna .

On February 23, 2011, a € 20 coin was issued in Austria in honor of the researcher. The fineness of the silver is 900 thousandths and the diameter of the coin 34 millimeters.

Fonts

  • Flora austriaca (Vienna 1773–78, several volumes, with 450 colored plates)
  • Selectarum stirpium americanum historia (Vienna, 1763 and 1780, with 264 colored plates)
  • Observationes botanicae (Vienna, 1764, 4 volumes with 100 plates)
  • Icones plantarum rariorum (Vienna, 1781–1793, 3 volumes with 648 colored plates); on-line
  • The beginnings of medical-practical chemistry: For the use of his lectures (Vienna, 1783) Digitized edition of the University and State Library of Düsseldorf
  • Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's Foundations of Medicinal-Practical Chemistry: for the Use of His Lectures. Wappler, Vienna 2nd edition 1785 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Collectanea ad botanicam, chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia (Vienna, 1786–96)
  • Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis (1770–1776, 5 volumes, 300 plates)
  • Plantarum rariorum Horti caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones (1797–1804, 4 volumes with 500 plates)

literature

Web links

Commons : Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A-Wsa, Inspection Protocol 140, fol. 12v
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  3. ^ Members of the previous academies. Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on April 10, 2015 .
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 31, 2015 (Russian).
  5. ↑ Boltacheva SI and a. : Honorary members of Moscow University and its scientific societies. 1804-2004. Biographical Dictionary. MSU Publishing House, Moscow, 2005. ISBN 5-211-04997-7 . Pp. 324, 644. (In Russian)
  6. ^ List of members since 1666: letter J. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 29, 2019 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jacquin, Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian botanist
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Leiden (city)
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1817
Place of death Vienna