St. Ulrichs Church (Rastede)
The Protestant St. Ulrichs Church in Rastede , Ammerland , near Oldenburg , is a medieval building with mostly baroque furnishings.
founding
The St. Ulrichs Church was founded in 1059 by Count Huno von Oldenburg and his wife Willa in honor of St. Ulrich von Augsburg . It is the second oldest church founded in the Ammerland , after the Wiefelsteder St. Johannes Church . It (or a predecessor of today's church) was consecrated on November 11, 1059, 66 years after the eponym was canonized. The year the church was founded is also considered to be the year Rastede was founded.
Building history
The current shape of the church goes back essentially to the 15th century. Of the Romanesque building, which was built around and after 1100, only the crypt, the field stone masonry of the west tower base and parts of the western nave wall can be recognized. The vaults of the Gothic, four-bay , brick-built hall church had partially collapsed in 1645, had damaged the pulpit and smashed the organ , so that the remains of the vault were removed, in 1696 the current beam ceiling was drawn in and Gerd von Bloh made the blue and white tendril paintings that have now been exposed again was decorated.
The west tower also collapsed a few times and had to be replaced several times.
On the south wall you can still see a walled up window, probably a hagioscope , one ( leprosy fissure ), through which those excluded from the service could take a look at the altar and watch the mass.
crypt
The crypt under the choir, which is actually unusual for a parish church (the only one of its kind in the former Weser-Ems administrative district ), built around 1100, with its groin vaults over four columns with cube capitals and the bases marked by corner spurs is the oldest preserved church in the Oldenburg region Builders who were involved in the east crypt of the Bremen Cathedral also worked here. The two painted consecration crosses date from medieval times. Originally consecrated to Mary, in the late Middle Ages rededicated to the St. Anne's Chapel, the crypt may initially have been intended as a count's burial place, a role that it played again after the Reformation. In contrast to the church above, the crypt remained in the possession of the counts or royals until the decree of donation from King Frederick V of Denmark in 1762. After the demolition of the former church of St. Marien of the Rastede monastery and the reburial of some mortal remains (including Count Moritz von Oldenburg, probably also Count Huno and his wife), it was converted into a grave vault. You can still the baroque sandstone - sarcophagus visit in which the body of Sophie Eleanor of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (* 1659, † 1744) was buried. Until 1948 the coffins of five other deceased were still in the rooms. Unfortunately, however, these were chopped up and walled up in a side tunnel together with bones and grave robes. This part was only exposed again in the 1990s, so that in the course of a complete renovation of the crypt in 2001 and 2002, these remains were reburied in a specially created ossuary .
Bell tower
The lower bell tower with a stepped gable from the 15th century stands, as is often the case in Ammerland, separately next to the church. Three bells ring in it, the two older ones from 1498 and 1522 were cast by Johannes Frese from Osnabrück. The third 1992 poured the company Rincker in mind .
Furnishing
It is unclear whether there are more works of art in the parish church from the demolished monastery church than just the high-quality grave slab of Count Moritz von Oldenburg († 1420) in the tower hall. The life-size, almost fully sculpted representation of the knight shows fashionable armor set with bells. The two dogs at his feet are to be interpreted as allegories of loyalty. The alleged resemblance to Roland von Bremen is probably due to the hairstyle and the style of the time, not to the same sculptor's hand; More recent research suggests that this is more a work by the anonymous "Master of the Bentlager Crucifixion Relief" from Münster .
The font from the 13th century is also an important work. Eight figures (Christ, St. Peter and other apostles) are moving and expressive in high relief, carved out of the stone under the ribbon of tendrils populated by mythical creatures.
When the vault collapsed, both the organ and the pulpit by Ludwig Münstermann were torn apart and broken into pieces , but the remains were put back together as best they could. In 1612 it was donated by Duke Anton Günther . With this work begins Münstermann's impressive series of pulpits, altars and organ prospects in the Oldenburger Land. But the current situation does not give a reliable picture. Even the current installation location no longer corresponds exactly to the original location at the front edge of the raised choir. It can no longer be determined to what extent the renewed color version corresponds to the original findings. Today, in two of the five niches of the pulpit, Maria and Johannes from a former crucifixion group, which formerly crowned the sound cover, are standing . The original figures made of alabaster, the Salvator and four evangelists, still present until 1859, have disappeared, as have the crucified Christ from the sound cover since 1959.
In 1524 the first Lutheran sermon was given by the former Benedictine monk Oltmann Kröger. After the Reformation, the church was given new fittings, some of which, apart from the organ, also survived the collapse of the vault. The three paintings of the altarpiece with its cartilage-style frame are signed : Lucretia de St. Simon figuravit et pinxit 1636 and show the Lord's Supper in the predella , above the Resurrection and above as a round picture the Miracle of Pentecost . 10 of the 12 small wooden apostles on the side consoles of the altar structure come from a late Gothic carved altar, their good quality is reduced by a more recent overpainting.
On the south wall of the choir there is a wooden epitaph with a painting of the crucifixion in a richly carved frame with auricle ornamentation for Reinhard Schröder († 1662), a rider in the count's stables .
The varied rocailles painted in blue on the galleries are inscribed and dated 1774 and were uncovered and restored in 1983.
Two glass windows from 1909 depict the apostles Peter and Paul, the Ulrich window from 1959 was designed by György Lehoczky .
Height control point
On the west side of the church there is a fixed point of the Prussian land record .
See also
literature
- The architectural and art monuments of the Duchy of Oldenburg . 4th issue, Stalling, Oldenburg 1907.
- Wolfgang Runge: Churches in the Oldenburger Land . Volume 3, 1988, pp. 349-366.
- Edgar F. Warnecke: Old churches and monasteries in the country between Weser and Ems. Verlag H. Th. Wenner, Osnabrück 1990, ISBN 3-87898-319-0 , p. 150 ff.
- Michael Kusch: The St. Ulrichs Church in Rastede and its crypt . In: Rasteder Archivbote , special edition December 1991, Isensee Verlag , Oldenburg 1991.
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments, Bremen Lower Saxony . Munich 1992, pp. 1106-1107.
- Wilhelm Knollmann, Dietmar Jürgen Ponert, Rolf Schäfer : Ludwig Münstermann . Oldenburg 1992, pp. 30 f., 159 f.
- Wilhelm Gilly: Medieval churches and chapels in the Oldenburger Land. Building history and inventory. Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-126-6 , pp. 17 ff. (Crypt) and 116 ff. (St. Ulrich).
- Holger Reimers: Ludwig Münstermann. Between Protestant asceticism and counter-Reformation sensuality . Marburg 1993, pp. 309-312.
- Margarethe Pauly: Burials in the crypt of the St. Ulrichs Church in Rastede . In: Rasteder Archivbote , No. 14 / December 2005, Isensee Verlag, Oldenburg 2005, pp. 15–31.
Web links
- St. Ulrichs Church in Rastede
- Renovation of the crypt
- St. Ulrichs Church in the north-west cultural portal
proof
- ↑ The Rasteder St. Ulrichs Church , accessed on February 11, 2015.
- ↑ The dating of the crypt has not yet been finally clarified. An early dating (according to Gilly, p. 17) between the founding date (1059) and the construction of the monastery church of St. Maria (consecration 1091) suggests that the construction of a crypt only made sense if it was intended as a count's burial place, a task that was taken over by the monastery church in 1091 at the latest. - A late dating (Dehio: "around 1100") is suggested by the style connection with the east crypt of Bremen Cathedral from the late 11th century.
- ↑ Gilly, p. 17
- ^ Runge, p. 360
- ↑ Architectural and art monuments, p. 72
- ^ Dehio, p. 1107
- ^ Note from 1695, quoted in in Reimers, p. 308
- ↑ The Rasteder St. Ulrichs Church , accessed on August 10, 2015.
Coordinates: 53 ° 14 ′ 42.3 ″ N , 8 ° 12 ′ 0.3 ″ E