St. Nicolai (Eckernförde)
St. Nicolai is a red brick hall church in the pedestrian zone of Eckernförde .
Building history
The building history of the Eckernförde St. Nicolai Church goes back to the first half of the 13th century. The Romanesque church, which initially had a single nave and had no tower, was transformed over the centuries into a three-nave late Gothic church with a turret.
Original church building
The Sankt-Nicolai-Kirche in Eckernförde was originally a single-nave, towerless brick church in Romanesque style. The information about its origin varies within a period from 1200 to 1250 ( Slevogt eg: "around 1210"). In the east of today's building, a part of the former church building can be seen from the outside as a part that appears to be a “smaller extension”, clearly distinguishable from later construction work. Today it serves as a sanctuary .
First structural change
The first structural change took place between around 1310 and 1350: In the meantime, appointed a parish church , the St. Nicolai Church got its first church tower in the west as a combination of a meter-high granite stone foundation and a wooden structure built on it. Within the current structure, the granite wall forms part of the western outer wall and inside the church forms the end of the central nave to the west. As part of the first structural change, a small brick extension was built in the south of the sanctuary, the eastern part of which is still present today.
Second structural change
Around the year 1490, the wooden tower construction was replaced by a brick church tower with a square roof top built on the existing granite stone foundation.
Third structural change
The current external appearance of Sankt Nicolai comes mainly from the renovation between 1521 and 1530. In the third phase of structural change, the single-nave Romanesque church was transformed into a three-aisled late Gothic staggered hall . The sloppy phrase, “the new church building was' slipped over the old church like a box” aptly illustrates the process. A model exhibited in the Sankt Nicolai Church shows this construction process. As part of this overall construction project from 1521–1530, the church was roughly doubled in overall width, after the construction of the new outer walls, the previous north and south walls within the hall were removed and replaced by four round pillars with six pointed arches and the western half of the extension from the early 14th century removed.
Further construction not completed?
Most authors ( Schinkel , Seredszus et al.) Assume that the hall construction was only about two thirds of the planning completed in 1530 (on the one hand due to a lack of money - on the other hand due to the Reformation ) and that further construction at a later point in time was completed the completion of the construction work was planned (on request: Horst Slevogt ). Among other things, to justify this view, reference is made to the project drafts (around 1520) and to the waiting teeth already embedded in the masonry for the later construction work . According to information, there are also indications that the construction of a new church tower in the east was planned for a later date and that when construction began in 1521, a cathedral was ultimately to be built from Sankt Nicolai ( Schinkel ).
Fourth structural change
The brick church tower that has still been preserved was badly damaged in 1612 for unexplained reasons, some sources report that there was a lightning strike, other sources claim that there was a fire there, but there is no evidence of burn marks or similar on the masonry. Then in 1619 the church roof - removing the remains of the old tower roof - was pulled over the tower, so that the Nicolaikirche today has a "tower in the church". As a replacement, the roof turret, which still exists today, was placed on the roof ridge.
Additions on the northeast side
There were several additions one after the other on the northeast side in the corner between the masonry of the original church and the hall structure from 1530. The model of the building on display in the church shows an extension set apart from the wall of the hall structure. Around 1900 there was an extension with the floor plan of a quarter-octagonal building, which reached up to the walls of the hall building. The extension that exists there today was built in 1913.
Interior
altar
The high baroque oak altarpiece from around 1640 was made by Hans Gudewerdt the Younger . In the middle you can see Christ on the cross, with Mary and John on his sides. The figure of Maria Magdalena sitting on the wooden frame was added later by Gudewerdt. The scene is framed by columns of vine leaves, between which the evangelists Mark and Matthew stand. Angel figures on the outside symbolize faith and justice.
A figure of Caritas can be seen above the crucifixion scene, to the left of it Moses with the tablets of the law and to the right John the Baptist, as well as the evangelists Luke and John. An angel of communion with bread and a wine goblet completes the composition at the top.
pulpit
The pulpit was originally on a round pillar. After it was damaged in a storm flood in 1872 , it was relocated to the east wall of the nave in a new design. From the old pulpit, the panels from the Renaissance that Hans Gudewerdt the Elder created, as well as an old door, which is today at the west exit of the tower room, are still preserved. On the steps of the pulpit you can see pictures from the life of Jesus, the pulpit is decorated with scenes from the Old and New Testament with inscriptions in Low German and figures of the apostles. The sound cover was created in 1915 by the Kiel woodcarver W. Hansen.
Baptismal font
The bell-shaped baptismal font was cast from bronze by the Flensburg bell caster Michel Dibler in 1588 and shows motifs of the Passion of Christ. He is carried by four lion figures. The heraldic shields that were previously placed in front of these lions have not been preserved.
Epitaphs and graves
Several funerary monuments can be seen in St. Nicolai. In 1661, Hans Gudewerdt the Younger created the epitaph for Thomas Börnsen, whose frame around the picture of the donor couple shows numerous angel figures, and in 1653 the Riepenau epitaph, which shows a carved figure of Christ and the allegories of faith and hope. The alchemist of Louisenlund , Count of Saint Germain , was also buried in St. Nicolai , but his tombstone has not been preserved. He fell victim to a storm surge.
Church pews belonging to the Rantzau family
Ciriacus Dirkes - also a master carver of the Eckernförde carving school and presumably there teacher of Hans Gudewerdt the Elder - created the church stalls in 1578. It shows the family Paul and Beate Rantzau, who belong to the knighthood, with their children (see detailed photo) and Paul's ancestors such as Beate Rantzau.
Votive offering
Ship models as votive offerings to thank for rescue from distress were common in churches by the sea for centuries. In 1842 Johann David Horchfeil donated the approximately two meter long and 1.70 meter high model of a frigate named David , which was hung on the ceiling of the church. However, in contrast to the usual votive ships, there is no historical model for this ship. With its programmatic name and its Schleswig-Holstein flag, the David was probably intended to express the wish that Schleswig-Holstein would soon defeat Goliath Denmark. The model is armed with cannons and has functional rigging. In the winter of 2007/08, the model, which had suffered from woodworm infestation, was restored in around 400 working hours.
Organs
Friedrich Wilhelm Otte and his wife Dorothea Charlotte, b. von Reventlow, donated the organ built by Hans Georg Heßler in 1762 . The coat of arms and initials on the prospectus bear witness to this foundation. Originally the organ had twelve registers in the main work and eight in the upper work and probably eight in the pedal. It was restored and changed in 1830, 1876/77, 1888 and 1910 respectively. In 1917 the original prospect pipes were melted down. Hans Henny Jahnn contributed to the redesign in 1930 . On this occasion the upper gallery was removed, on which the organ had previously been located. The housing has also been expanded. The organ received a new upper work with nine registers and a new place on the lower gallery. It was repaired in 1964 and equipped with historical pipes in 1974/77 . The windchests were restored in 1984/85. At this point in time, the organ received a new stop mechanism and a new console . In 2010 the organ building workshop Mühleisen will clean and repair it . In the summer of 2019, the same workshop carried out a revision of the action mechanism, in the course of which the manual distribution was changed (the main work was placed on the lower manual) and a new electrical stop action mechanism with composer system was installed. Today that has sliderchest -instrument 37 speaking stops and nearly 2,500 pipes on three manuals and pedal . The action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action has been electric since summer 2019. In addition to church services, the organ is also used for concerts. According to the address on the play cupboard, the disposition that has existed since 1984/85 is:
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- Zimbelstern
- Coupling : II / I, III / I, I / P, III / P
- Setter system
In the south-eastern corner of the nave near the choir there is a small organ that is built on a mobile platform, but is mainly used stationary. The instrument has 6 stops on a manual (C – f 3 : Gedackt 8 ′, Salicional 8 ′, Principal 4 ′, Flute 4 ′, Gemshorn 2 ′, Mixtur II); the pedal is attached. In the middle prospect pipe a hole is visible through which the axis of a cymbal star was once inserted; the visible part of the Zimbelstern has been removed. It is not possible to tell whether the play facility itself is still there.
The church also has a mobile chest organ made by the organ builder Ulrich Babel from Gettorf with three stops on a manual (C – f 3 : Gedackt 8 ', Rohrflöte 4', Schwiegel 2 ').
literature
- Deert Lafrenz: On the medieval building history of the St. Nicolai Church in Eckernförde , In: Denk Mal! , Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein, year 2016, pages 46 ff .; State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel and Boyens Medien GmbH & Co. KG , Heide, 2016
- Hartwig Beseler (Ed.): Art Topography Schleswig-Holstein , Karl Wachholtz-Verlag , Neumünster 1974, p. 169 ff.
- Joachim Kandzora: Churches and chapels , In: Klaus Jöns, Detlef Thomsen, Karl Graucob (Hrsg. IAd Heimatgemeinschaft Eckernförde eV): Heimatbuch des Kreis Eckernförde. Volume I, 3rd edition, Verlag CJ Schwensen, Eckernförde 1967; P. 318 ff.
- Immo Wesnigk: The Heßler organ from 1762 in the Eckernförde St. Nicolai Church , Heimatgemeinschaft Eckernförde eV , supplement to the series of materials and research from the region , Eckernförde, 2003
- Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Eckernförde - a walk through the city's history . Publisher: Manfred Goos, Horn-Bad Meinberg, 2nd edition 2002, pages 334 ff.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Page of the community with photos of the interior
- ↑ old postcard from 1900
- ↑ the only surviving personal letter from Hans Gudewerdt the Elder. J. provides information that the figure of Maria Magdalena and that of the two flying angels were only added at the express request of the council; Ref .: Theodor Hampe: Hans Gudewerdt In: Ulrich Thieme / Richard Graul: Kunstchronik from January 19, 1899, column 181 online
- ^ Work by the Mühleisen workshop on the organ from St. Nicolai zu Eckernförder , accessed on July 15, 2019
- ↑ Main organ in St. Nicolai zu Eckernförde , accessed on July 15, 2019.
- ↑ Information on the choir organ in St. Nicolai zu Eckernförde , accessed on July 15, 2019.
- ↑ On the chest organ in St. Nicolai zu Eckernförde , accessed on July 15, 2019.
Coordinates: 54 ° 28 ′ 19 ″ N , 9 ° 50 ′ 9.9 ″ E