Hans Gudewerth the Younger

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Hans Gudewerdt the Younger or Hans Gudewerth the Younger (also including: Hans Gudewerdt II or Hans Gudewerth II ; * between approx. 1593 and 1603 in Eckernförde ; † February 12, 1671 ibid) from the Gudewerth family of sculptors (mainly in the Gudewerdt spelling ) was the most important baroque carver in the Duchy of Schleswig .

family

Hans Gudewerth the Elder Ä., Adam and Eve. Pulpit of the Sankt Nicolai Church in Eckernförde

Hans Gudewerdt the Elder J. was the son of Hans I. (also: Hans Gudewerth the Elder ; † 1642 in Eckernförde) and his wife Wiebke, who can be verified since 1596 . The artists came from a respected family who possibly came to Eckernförde between 1540 and 1542: the name was first recorded in the town register of Eckernförde in 1542 ( Balzer Gudewerdt and Clawes Gudewerdt ). It is known from 1619 that Heinrich Gudewerdt had to pay customs duties twice for timber loads, which means that part of the family was “somehow involved with wood” (e.g. owned a timber trading company). At some point in time, family members may have started wood carving there, or they may have hired wood carvers first. A Carstine Gudewerdt , possibly Clawes Gudewerdt's widow , worked as a canvas dealer at least between 1614 and 1627 and delivered large quantities of canvas to the court of Friedrich III during that time . from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf ; We know of a Johan Gudewerdt that he went to sea, fell into Turkish captivity in 1653/54 and was released. Several family members were councilors, deputies, church jury members and / or members of the Eckernförde Bürgerschützengilde from 1570 . Councilor Detleff Gudewerdt had a moderating effect on a witch trial in 1573: the accused was allowed to withdraw the testimony she had given under torture. From 1575 (probably until 1608) he was responsible for manslaughter as part of the administration of justice.

A reference to a Belgian painter Godewert of the 15th century remained vague from the start .

Hans Gudewerdt the Elder was initially referred to in art history with the emergency name Meister with the flute-blowing hare , because many of the unmistakable bridal or wedding chests he created show the flute-playing hare as a symbol of fertility under the image of the wedding couple. His chests can be found in the possession of North German and Danish museums. The characteristics of its chests were also found on his magnum opus, the pulpit (1598) of St. Jürgen Church of Gettorf could be done so that an unambiguous assignment. Hans I was the senior man of the Schnittker and probably retired from professional life around 1635 in favor of his son Hans II the Younger.

Hans II and his wife Christine had two sons who were also carvers and who probably completed their apprenticeship and journeyman time in his company in Eckernförde:

  • Hans III (Hans Gudewerdt the Youngest). (1640–1706 / 07) took over the workshop from Hans II and continued it. In 1672 he is said to have delivered a triumphal chariot to the court of Gottorf Castle .
  • David (also: Dauit , * 1642) is mentioned as a journeyman in 1671 in the journeyman's book and then emigrated after the death of Hans II.

Another carver from the Gudewerdt family was Marcus Gudewerdt (* 1626), whose exact relationship to the others is unclear.

The family of artists formed the core of the so-called three generations Eckernförder sculpture school or Eckernförder carver school . Her work and the other wood carving artists of this carving school are located in the area of ​​the Duchy of Schleswig, but also in Holstein, Lübeck, Mecklenburg, Jutland and in village churches on the islands of the Danish South Sea and finally by the emigrated carving artist of the Eckernförde school Peter Neelsen , Anders Lauritzen Smith , Barrelt Gnauwst and Ewerdt Friis also in Norway, Estonia and Sweden. As things stand today, Ciriacus Dirkes is the first significant master of the Eckernförde carving school; he was u. a. Teacher of Hans Dreyer, his son Hans Dirkes (also a master) and probably also of Hans Gudewerdt the Elder.

In Eckernförde, Gudewerdtstraße and Gudewerdtschule (secondary school) are named after the artist family.

Life

Epitaph for Thomas Börnsen in the Sankt-Nicolai-Kirche, Eckernförde. Framework by Hans Gudewerth the Elder J.

Hans Gudewerdt the Younger graduated from the Eckernförde Latin School at the age of 18 with an educational qualification comparable to today's Abitur. He then started the then six-year-long apprenticeship as a carpenter and carver as specified in his father's workshop, where he was previously on the side of the journeyman Key Möller make useful had . However, it is sometimes also assumed that Hans the Younger could have spent an apprenticeship with the mannerist Ludwig Münstermann , who was mainly active in the Oldenburger Land ; in some publications training is given both by Münstermann and by his father. The apprenticeship was followed by three years of wandering, which Hans the Younger extended for another three years, as all eight master craftsman positions in Eckernförde were occupied. His years of travel took him across Europe. 1634 received Hans d. J. received the title of master and was already established and respected in Eckernförde at this time. In 1667 he became a senior at Eckernförde Schnittger. His workshop worked for the Schleswig-Holstein nobility and for the art-loving Duke Friedrich III. from Holstein-Gottorf . His deliveries to the residences in Gottorf and Husum are documented in the ducal accounts. The main work that has been preserved, however, consists of five retables , which demonstrate his high level of art and perfection in the baroque cartilage style typical of the region :

Its altar structure clearly breaks with the forms of the Renaissance and is divided into three storeys one above the other. From the signature of the altars it is concluded that the first two altars are entirely Gudewerdt's own work, while the artistic value of the latter two is estimated to be lower; they have probably experienced more cooperation from journeymen in the workshop. However, this earlier assessment needs to be corrected with regard to the Schönkirchen altarpiece: signed like the other two altars, it represents a work of unique character in the sacred art of Northern Germany, combining artistic design with theological depth.

He is credited with epitaphs in the churches of Eckernförde, Nakskov and Sandby, the baptism in Gelting , the pulpits in Sandby, Sörup , Søstrup , Snøde , Stoense and Bogstrup .

The production of four bridal carriages for the ducal residence of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf also ensured public recognition: 1648 for Princess Sophie Auguste, 1650 for Princess Maria Elisabeth, 1654 for Princess Hedwig Eleonore for the marriage to the Swedish King Karl X. Gustav , 1654 for the princess Magdadena Sybille.

"With Hans Gudewerth (meant: the younger, note) in his mastery hardly any artist in Germany can compare himself from that time, least of all in how he tamed the wildest and most exuberant forms into artistic unity,"

judged the book History of Modern Architecture in 1914 . And Helmuth Eggert wrote in 1934:

“The master Hans Gudewerdt the Elder is of decisive influence for the Schleswig region and the adjacent north. J. von Eckernförde († 1671), who goes beyond Münstermann in the dissolution of the architectural and in the accumulation of ornament. "

Together with his wife Christine, Hans Gudewerdt had a total of six children, two of whom died shortly after their birth: Hans (III) and David (t) became carvers like their father, Cyriacus (also: Silaiakus) studied theology and was thereafter from 1693 to on his death in 1736 pastor in Sehestedt , Wiebke married the Eckernförder Grobschmidt Lafrens Schevingk .

Successor to Hans Gudewerdt II.

Hans Gudewerdt the youngest took over the operational successor; According to Behling, only Klaws Eibe was the direct artistic successor in Schleswig-Holstein; the artistic legacy is to be found primarily in the regions Denmark-Norway and Sweden-Estonia. In particular, it would then be the sculptors Lorentz Jørgensen, Peter Neelsen, Anders Lauritzen Smith (Denmark and Norway) and Ewerdt Friis and Barrelt Gnauwst (Sweden and Estonia) who succeeded Hans Gudewerdt the Younger.

Selection of his works

Altar retable :

Pulpits:

Epitaphs:

  • in the Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Schleswig-Friedrichsberg for the Beling family (1668)
  • in the Nicolaikirche in Eckernförde for Thomas Börnsen (1661)
  • in the Nicolaikirche in Eckernförde for Heinrich Riepenau (1650/51)
  • in the Marienkirche in Flensburg for Niels Hacke (1648)
  • in Sandby Kirke on Lolland, Sandby Sogn (1635)
  • in the Marienkirche in Lübeck (in the transept named Totentanzkapelle ) for Lorenz Möller (1634)
  • in Nikolai Kirke in Nakskov (1646) for Niels Nielsøn (Niels Thomesen Nielsen)

Other:
four bridal carriages, frame of the Blue Madonna in Schleswig Cathedral , various works in Gottorf Castle and the New Garden House near Gottorf Castle, relief plaque with three coats of arms for the Preetz monastery church, paneling of the manor house in Wensin , baptismal font (among other things) for the Geltinger St. Katharinen -Church, large number of picture frames etc.

photos

  • Hans Gudewerdt the Elder J .: Altar in the St. Nicolai Church in Eckernförde

  • Detail of the Gudewerdt altar in Eckernförde

  • Hans Gudewerdt the Elder J .: Altar in the St. Nikolai Church in Kappeln

  • The former central section of the Gudewerdt altar of St. Nikolai Church in Kappeln

  • Interior of the St. Marien Church in Sörup with the pulpit Hans Gudewerdt the Elder. J.

  • Hans Gudewerdt the Elder J .: Altar in the Preetz monastery church

  • Hans Gudewerdt the Elder J .: Altar in the Marienkirche in Schönkirchen

  • Detail of the Schönkirchen Altarpiece

More wood carvers from the Eckernförde carving school

Other important wood carvers of the Eckernförde Schnauwsterschule and Eckernförde Sculpture School are Ciriacus Dirkes, Hans Dreyer, Klavs Eibe, Ewerdt Friis , Barrelt Gnauwst, Hans Gudewerdt the Elder, Lorentz Jørgensen, Jürgen Smith Koberch, and Lauritzen Negelsen, among others . The term Gudewerdtsche Schule (see also under Eckernförde carving school ) only includes wood sculptors from the training of Hans Gudewerdt the Younger.

literature

Main literature
  • Gustav Brandt : Hans Gudewerdt. A contribution to the history of art in Schleswig-Holstein. EA Seemann, Leipzig 1898 ( digitized version ).
  • Willers Jessen : Hans Gudewerdt and the Eckernförde carving school with their masters Ciriacus Dirkes, Hans Dreyer, Hans Gudewerdt I, Hans Gudewerdt II, Hans Gudewerdt III, Lorentz Jories, Jürgen Koberch, Peter Neelsen. JC Schwensen-Verlag, Eckernförde 1931.
  • Holger Behling: Hans Gudewerdt the Younger, carver in Eckernförde. Karl-Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster 1990, ISBN 3-529-02515-1 .
Further literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ according to the catalog of the German National Library also: Hans Gudewirth. Hans Guthwerdt , Hans Gutwerth here
  2. ↑ with the different information: 1593, 1594, 1599, 1600, 1603.
  3. ↑ according to Kunstindeks Danmark & ​​Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon , the date of death is between February 1 and March 1, 1671 at kulturarv.dk
  4. ↑ The spelling Gudewerdt appears as early as 1542 in the list of citizens in the town book of Eckernförde ( Balzer Gudewerdt and Clawes Gudewerdt )
  5. ↑ Behling, p. 18.
  6. ↑ Jessen, p. 100; Behling, p. 17 f.
  7. ↑ Gretke Wragen from Windeby
  8. ↑ AGGSH eV
  9. ↑ Behling, p. 20 f.
  10. ↑ Named by Justus Brinckmann in the yearbook of the Hamburg scientific institutions, XIV 1896, p. LII ff.
  11. ^ Museum of Arts and Crafts in Hamburg and the Danish National Museum in Copenhagen
  12. ↑ Weilberg: Gudewerth, Hans, the Yngste
  13. ↑ House altar for Trechow Castle by Hans Gudewerdt the Elder. Ä. (1601), Ref: Bützower Zeitung. February 17th, 2012. (online)
  14. ↑ a b c Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Eckernförde - a walk through the city's history. 2nd Edition. Manfred Goos, Horn-Bad Meinberg 2002, p. 353.
  15. ↑ Section from: Store norske leksikon
  16. ^ According to the art topography of Schleswig-Holstein, also major Baroque works in the state.
  17. ↑ Dieter F. Schütz: The evangelical altar. In: Heiko Seidel (Ed.): St. Marien Schönkirchen . Ludwig, Kiel 2011, ISBN 978-3-86935-058-5 , pp. 49-60.
  18. ↑ There is a drawing by Jürgen Ovens for this bridal car ; the court painter Johannes Müller was responsible for the color and gold decorations; the bridal trip led from Gottorf Castle to Eckernförde - Reference: Constanze Köster: Jürgen Ovens (1623–1678). Painter in Schleswig-Holstein and Amsterdam. (= Studies on international architecture and art history. 147). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-7319-0369-7 , pp. 89 f., 408. (also dissertation at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 2016)
  19. ↑ Jacob Burckhardt, Wilhelm Lubke, Albrecht Haupt, Cornelius Gurlitt, Otto Schubert, Paul Klopfer: History of Modern Architecture. Volume 2: Wilhelm Lubke (author), Albrecht Haupt (arrangement): Renaissance in Germany. 3. Edition. Paul Neff Verlag, Esslingen 1914, p. 304.
  20. ^ Helmuth Eggert: Altar retable (B. In the Protestant Church). In: Real Lexicon on German Art History . Volume 1, 1934, pp. 565–602 ( digitized version ), section Monuments> Renaissance> Northern Germany
  21. ↑ Behling, p. 330.
  22. ↑ Behling, p. 137.
  23. ↑ the Kappelner Altar differs considerably from the other altars of Hans Gudewerdt, especially in the lack of side wings. According to Teuchert, these deviations did not arise until 1792 by the carpenters Lehmeyer and Wolff; Today's central part field consists of the two fields of the original side wings; Wolfgang Teuchert: The reconstruction of Gudewerdts altar in Kappeln. In: Nordelbingen. 24th Volume, 1956, pp. 41-44.
  24. ↑ National Museum DK , p. 488 ff.
  25. ↑ National Museum DK , p. 491; Pastorate
  26. ↑ Kunstindeks Danmark
  27. ↑ also in the description of the church at danmarkskirker  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 174 the artist of the pulpit is not named@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / danmarkskirker.natmus.dk  
  28. ↑ danmarkskirker , p. 121 f.
  29. ^ Work by Jürgen Ovens (1669)
  30. ↑ Behling doubts the original connection between Gudewerdt's frame and Oven's picture; Holger Behling, p. 299 f.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Gudewerth, Hans the Younger
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gudewerth, Hans II .; Gudewerdt, Hans II .; Gudewerdt, Hans the Younger
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH between 1593 and 1603
PLACE OF BIRTH Eckernförde
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1671
Place of death Eckernförde