Stamora Germana

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Stamora Germană
German-Stamora
Németsztamora
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Stamora Germană (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : Moravia
Coordinates : 45 ° 17 '  N , 21 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 16 '55 "  N , 21 ° 14' 56"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 94  m
Residents : 892 (2002)
Postal code : 307283
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type : Village
Mayor : Ion Fiștea ( Partidul Social Democrat )
Location of Deutsch-Stamora in Timiș County
Stamora on the map of the Josefinische Landesaufnahme
Passport stamp from the Stamora-Moravița border crossing

Stamora Germană ( German  Deutsch-Stamora , Deutschstamora , Hungarian Alsósztamora , Németsztamora ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Stamora Germană belongs to the Moravisa municipality .

location

Stamora Germană is located in the south of Timiș County, on the Timișoara - Belgrade railway line and on European route 70 , not far from the border with Serbia .

Neighboring places

About Denta Rovinița Mare
Veliki Gaj Neighboring communities Dejan
Gherman Moravia Plandist

etymology

The name "Stamora" goes back to the Slavic "Sta-Mora", which means something like "standing mill", in contrast to "Mora-Vitza" ("walking mill"). The place owes its name to its Slovak founder "Josef Malenicza de Stamora". In 1773 the Empress Maria Theresia awarded Josef Malenicza , city judge of Timisoara, and his great-nephew Peter Malenicza a letter of nobility valid for the Austrian hereditary lands , with the title "de Stamora" together with a deed of donation of around 10,000 yoke of land in Stamora and the surrounding area.

history

The first inhabitants of Stamora were Slovaks. On the map of the Josefinische Landesaufnahme the place is entered as "Toth Stamora" ( German  Slovak Stamora ). A detailed parish plan from 1779 is one of the oldest documents from Deutsch-Stamora. The first German settlers came from the Habsburg monarchy in 1789 . In 1802, Germans came to the call of manorial rule from the neighboring communities of Zichydorf , Morawitz , but also from the villages of Sackelhausen , Bogarosch , Lowrin , Grabatz and from Central Hungary. Gradually the Slovaks emigrated to the surrounding villages of Butin , Șemlac and Clopodia , those who stayed were assimilated by the Germans.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Stamora also belonged, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . In 1923 the place received the official name Stamora Germana.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

economy

The most important economic achievement in the middle of the 19th century was the construction of the railway line in 1855. The line was completed in May 1858 and officially opened to traffic on July 18th. The municipalities of Deutsch-Stamora and Moravița received a common station Stamora-Moravița ( Gara Stamora-Moravița in Romanian ) with loading ramps and a pumping station for locomotives. The station was the only freight station between Detta and Werschetz , in which the surrounding villages shipped their products or obtained goods.

The mills were an important economic factor in Deutsch-Stamora . In 1886 Stamora had two roller mills. Josef Theiss' mill was in operation until 1975.

Demographics

Until the Second World War, the German population in Deutsch-Stamora was always over 90%.

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians German Hungary Other
1880 1,305 8th 1,285 5 7th
1890 1,513 10 1,436 57 10
1910 1,447 32 1,289 117 9
1930 1,212 69 1,126 10 7th
1941 1,249 82 1,119 35 13
1977 959 362 449 92 56
1992 913 695 85 67 66
2002 892 731 23 56 82

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ kia.hu  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnicity in Timiș County according to censuses from 1880 - 2002@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.kia.hu