Stone purse

Stone purse
	Alpine stone purse ( Aethionema saxatile )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden II
Order :	Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family :	Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe :	Aethionemeae
Genre :	Stone purse
Scientific name of the tribe
	Aethionemeae
	Al-Shehbaz , Beilstein & EAKellogg
Scientific name of the genus
	Aethionema
	R.Br.

Stone Cress ( Aethionema ) are the only genus of the tribe Aethionemeae within the plant family of the Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae). The 50 or so species are distributed in Eurasia and North Africa, with a focus on the Mediterranean and Western Asia .

description

Illustration from atlas of the alpine flora of the alpine stone purse ( Aethionema saxatile )

Appearance and leaf

Aethionema are annual to perennial herbaceous plants or rarely evergreen subshrubs . The more or less upright shoot axes , sometimes woody at their base, are branched. The aboveground parts of the plant are mostly bare or rarely papillary . The more or less sessile, simple leaves are elongated or linear, glabrous and often bluish pruned.

Inflorescence and flower

Usually many flowers stand together in bractless , corymbic inflorescences ; sometimes the inflorescence axes stretch until the fruit is ripe and the fruit is then clusters . The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four sepals are elongated with a blunt to rounded upper end; the inner two are more or less sack-shaped at their base and the outer two are often somewhat hooded at the top. The four free, equally large petals are obovate, nailed or wedge-shaped at their base and undivided at the top, not or barely edged. The colors of the petals range from white to pink to purple, rarely yellowish. There are six stamens . The anthers are ovate-circular. Usually only the two lateral nectar glands are present, which are usually tiny and hemispherical. The one to two-chamber ovary is more or less ellipsoidal with narrow, flattened edges. In each ovary chamber there are usually one or two, rarely three or four ovules . The stylus, which is at most short, ends in a heady scar.

Fruit and seeds

The thread-like fruit stalks are mostly spread out. The one- to four-seeded pods are egg-shaped, elliptical or almost circular, laterally flattened and usually winged and the upper end is deeply notched or edged. The wing is whole or serrated differently. When ripe, the fruits open with two lobes or remain closed. The brown seeds are egg-shaped; often a small, papillary seed coat.

Systematics

Inflorescences of the Armenian stone purse ( Aethionema armenum )

Habitus and inflorescences of Aethionema capitatum

Habit of the Alpine stone purse ( Aethionema saxatile )

Inflorescences of Alpine Stone Cress ( Aethionema saxatile subsp. Creticum )

The genus Aethionema was in 1812 by Robert Brown set up . Synonyms for Aethionema R.Br. are: Campyloptera Boiss. , Crenularia Boiss. , Eunomia DC. , Iberidella Boiss. , Iondra Raf. , Lepia Desv. , Lipophragma Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss. and Moriera Boiss.

Most of the species occur in the Mediterranean area; only one species ( Aethionema carneum ) reaches as far as Pakistan .

There are about 50 species in the genus Aethionema :

Aethionema anatolicum A.Duran & M.Öztürk : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from southern Anatolia .
Aethionema arabicum (L.) OESchulz : It occurs after Euro + Med in Bulgaria and the Middle East.
Armenian stone purse ( Aethionema armenum Boiss. ): The homeland is Armenia and the area of Lebanon and Syria . There are a few varieties that are used as ornamental plants.
Aethionema caespitosum (Boiss.) Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey .
Aethionema capitatum Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs after Euro + Med in the area of Syria and Lebanon.
Aethionema cardiophyllum Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.
Aethionema carlsbergii Strid & Papan. : This endemic occurs only in the Taygetos Mountains in southern Greece.
Aethionema carneum (Banks & Sol.) B. Fedsch. (Syn .: Aethionema cristatum DC. , Thlaspi carneum Banks & Sol. ): It is distributed from southwest Asia and Central Asia to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Aethionema cordatum (Desf.) Boiss. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Morocco, Greece, Turkey and Armenia.
Dainty stone purse or Lebanon stone purse ( Aethionema coridifolium DC. ): It is common from Turkey to the area of Syria and Lebanon .
Aethionema demirizii Davis & Hedge : It occurs in Turkey.
Aethionema diastrophis Bunge : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.
Aethionema edentulum N.Busch : It is spread from the southern Caucasus to northern Iran .
Aethionema eunomioides (Boiss.) Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
Aethionema fimbriatum Boiss. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey and in Armenia.
Aethionema froedinii Rech. F. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Aethionema gileadense Post : It occurs after Euro + Med in Israel and Jordan.
Aethionema glaucinum Greuter, Burdet, IAAndersson, Carlström, Franzén, Karlén & H.Nybo : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Large-flowered stone purse or Persian stone purse ( Aethionema grandiflorum Boiss. & Hohen. , Syn .: Aethionema pallidiflorum Hausskn. & Bornm. ): It occurs in Turkey and Armenia .
Aethionema heterocarpum Trevir. : It occurs from Turkey, the area from Syria and Lebanon to Israel and Jordan.
Aethionema huber-morathii P.H. Davis & Hedge : It occurs in Turkey.
Aethionema iberideum (Boiss.) Boiss. : It is also placed as Noccaea iberidea (Boiss.) Al-Shehbaz & Menke in the genus Noccaea .
Aethionema lepidioides Hub.-Mor. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Aethionema lycium I.A. Andersson, Carlström, Franzén, Karlén & H.Nybom : It occurs in Turkey.
Aethionema marashicum P.H.Davis : Your home is Turkey.
Aethionema membranaceum (Desv.) DC. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Aethionema munzurense Davis & Yildirimli : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Aethionema oppositifolium (Pers.) Boiss. : It is also called Noccaea oppositifolia (Pers.) Al-Shehbaz & Menke in the genus Noccaea .
Aethionema orbiculatum (Boiss.) Hayek : This endemic occurs only on Athos in northern Greece.
Aethionema paphlagonicum Czeczott & Beauverd : It occurs in Turkey.
Aethionema papillosum P.H.Davis : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.
Aethionema polygaloides DC. : It occurs in Greece.
Aethionema pulchellum Boiss. & A.Huet : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.
Aethionema retsina Phitos & Snogerup : This endemic occurs only on the island of Skiros in the Aegean Sea.
Aethionema rotundifolium Boiss. : It comes in the Caucasus . It is also placed as Noccaea germanii Al-Shehbaz in the genus Noccaea .
Aethionema sagittatum Boiss. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.
Aethionema salmasium Boiss. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.
Alpine stone purse ( Aethionema saxatile ( L. ) WTAiton , Syn .: Aethionema banaticum Janka , Aethionema subcapitatum Bornm. , Aethionema thomasianum sensu Maire , Thlaspi saxatile L. ): The wide distribution area in Europe extends from Germany in a southerly direction to the northwest Africa and Turkey.

Aethionema schistosum Boiss. & Kotschy : It only occurs in Turkey.

Aethionema sintenisii Hausskn. & Bornm. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.

Aethionema speciosum Boiss. & A.Huet : It occurs in Turkey.

Aethionema spicatum post

Aethionema stylosum DC. : This endemic occurs only in Lebanon.

Aethionema subulatum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.

Aethionema syriacum (Boiss.) Bornm. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.

Aethionema szovitsii Boiss. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Armenia.

Aethionema thesiifolium Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.

Aethionema thomasianum J.Gay : It occurs in Spain , France , Italy and Switzerland .

Aethionema trinervium (DC.) Boiss. : It is also called Noccaea trinervia (DC.) Steud. placed in the genus Noccaea .

Aethionema virgatum (Boiss.) Hedge : It occurs after Euro + Med in Turkey.

The cultivar Aethionema armenum 'Warley Rose'

use

Some types of stone purse are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens in the temperate areas . These are preferably planted in rocky, stony places or on gravelly, water-permeable subsoil. The varieties were mostly all bred from the Persian stone purse ( Aethionema grandiflorum ) or Armenian stone purse ( Aethionema armenum ). Depending on the variety, they are frost-sensitive or frost-hardy.

swell

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri: Flora of West Pakistan 55: Brassicaceae . Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (et al.), Rawalpindi 1973, Aethionema , p. 82-83 ( tropicos , efloras ).
↑ In: William Townsend Aiton (ed.): Hortus Kewensis; or, a catalog of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. 2nd Edition. Richard Taylor & Co., London 1812, p 80, rjb.csic.es .
^ Frans Stafleu, Richard S. Cowan: Taxonomic Literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (= Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 94). Volume I: A – G- 2nd edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht 1976, ISBN 90-313-0225-2 , p. 26, sil.si.edu .
↑ ^a ^b Aethionema in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae. Aethionema. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 2011, accessed on October 8, 2018 (English).
↑ Aethionema at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 27, 2014.
↑ Osman Karabacak, Meryem Öztürk, Ahmet Duran: Aethionema anatolica (sic!) (Brassicaceae), a New Species from South Anatolia, Turkey. In: Annales Botanici Fennici. Volume 50, No. 3, 2013, pp. 183–186, doi: 10.5735 / 085.050.0310 , sekj.org (PDF)
↑ ^a ^b ^c AO Chater, JR Akeroyd: Aethionema R.Br. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 388–390 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 , p. 63 .
↑ Tatyana Shulkina: Ornamental plants from Russia and adjacent states of the former Soviet Union . Rostok, St. Petersburg 2004, ISBN 5-94668-032-3 , Aethionema (English, efloras.org ).
^ Paul Mouterde: Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Texts. Volume 2 (Lauraceae - Cornaceae), Dar el-Machreq, Beirut 1970, p. 91.

Web links

Commons : Steintaschenel ( Aethionema ) - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoP-1] Saiyad Masudal Hasan Jafri: Flora of West Pakistan 55: Brassicaceae . Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (et al.), Rawalpindi 1973, Aethionema , p. 82-83 ( tropicos , efloras ).

[Aiton_1812-2] In: William Townsend Aiton (ed.): Hortus Kewensis; or, a catalog of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. 2nd Edition. Richard Taylor & Co., London 1812, p 80, rjb.csic.es .

[TL-2-3] Frans Stafleu, Richard S. Cowan: Taxonomic Literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types (= Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 94). Volume I: A – G- 2nd edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht 1976, ISBN 90-313-0225-2 , p. 26, sil.si.edu .

[GRIN-4] Aethionema in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 27, 2014.

[Euro+Med-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap Karol Marhold: Brassicaceae. Aethionema. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, 2011, accessed on October 8, 2018 (English).

[Tropicos-6] Aethionema at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 27, 2014.

[AethionemaAnatolicum-7] Osman Karabacak, Meryem Öztürk, Ahmet Duran: Aethionema anatolica (sic!) (Brassicaceae), a New Species from South Anatolia, Turkey. In: Annales Botanici Fennici. Volume 50, No. 3, 2013, pp. 183–186, doi: 10.5735 / 085.050.0310 , sekj.org (PDF)

[FE1-8] AO Chater, JR Akeroyd: Aethionema R.Br. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 388–390 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Botanica-9] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 , p. 63 .

[OrnamentalSovietUnion-10] Tatyana Shulkina: Ornamental plants from Russia and adjacent states of the former Soviet Union . Rostok, St. Petersburg 2004, ISBN 5-94668-032-3 , Aethionema (English, efloras.org ).

[Mouterde_1970-11] Paul Mouterde: Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Texts. Volume 2 (Lauraceae - Cornaceae), Dar el-Machreq, Beirut 1970, p. 91.