Stepan Shahumyan

Stepan Shaumian ( Armenian Ստեպան Շահումյան ; born October 1, ^jul. / 13. October 1878 ^greg. In Tbilisi ; † 20th September 1918 in Krasnovodsk ), internationally best known as Stepan Shaumyan Georgievich ( Russian Степан Георгиевич Шаумян ) was an Armenian Politician ( Social Democratic Labor Party of Russia , Communist Party of Russia ).

Life

Stepan Shahumyan was born the son of a textile merchant in Georgia . From 1898 to 1902 studied at the polytechnic institutes in Saint Petersburg and in Riga .

In 1900 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDRP), and in 1902 founded the Armenian Social Democratic Party. From 1903 he belonged to the Bolshevik faction. The Russian government banished him back to Transcaucasia because of political actions at the university . Shahumyan fled from there to Germany , where he met other socialist exiles such as Julius Martow , Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov . In 1905 he completed a degree in philosophy at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin .

Shahumyan returned to Georgia, became a teacher and leader of the Bolsheviks in Tbilisi, and wrote Marxist writings. In 1907 he went to Baku to build a Bolshevik movement with Stalin and Sergo Ordzhonikidze . In the same year he took part in the Fifth Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in London . In 1914 he led a general strike in Baku, which was crushed by the Russian army. Shahumyan was arrested and spent three years in prison.

At the beginning of the February Revolution in 1917 he escaped from the detention center. He was elected chairman of the Baku Soviet and appointed a member of the RSDAP Central Committee. At the same time he was the responsible editor of the party newspaper Der Bakuer Arbeiter ( Russian Bakinski Rabotschi). After the October Revolution , the Russian Communist Party appointed him Extraordinary Commissioner for the Caucasus and Chairman of the Baku People's Commissars.

At the beginning of the Russian civil war in March 1918, the bourgeois Musavatists rose up against the communists. Although the Bolsheviks initially succeeded in wrestling the bourgeoisie, Baku was conquered by British troops and Shahumyan was imprisoned on August 16.

During the Turkish occupation of Baku, Red Army troops led by the later President of the Soviet Parliament, Anastas Mikoyan , succeeded in liberating Shahumyan on September 14th. Together with 25 other commissioners, he took the steamer Turkmen across the Caspian Sea to Krasnowodsk (today Türkmenbaşy , Turkmenistan ). There he was picked up by anti-Bolshevik troops and shot on September 20th.

Places and areas named after Stepan Shahumjan

In honor of his services to the Soviet Union, the city of Stepanakert , today the capital of the de facto independent Republic of Arzach in the Armenian- controlled Nagorno-Karabakh , has had his first name since 1923. During the Soviet era, the city of Shahumyan (until 1938 Nerkin Shen, renamed Aşağı Ağcakənd in 1992), which was predominantly Armenian settled north of Nagorno-Karabakh, was populated by Armenians until the war for Nagorno-Karabakh 1991 to 1994 . In addition, the Shahumyan area west of Nagorno-Karabakh, which was mostly Azerbaijani settled until the Nagorno-Karabakh war, was named after him or after the city of Shahumyan, which was lost to the Karabakh Armenians. The village in South Georgia, formerly called (Bolschije) Schulawery , has been called Schaumiani since the Soviet period . Countless streets in the Russian Federation are also named after him.

literature

GS Akopyan: Stepan Shaumyan. Life and work. 1878-1918 . Moscow 1973
About Stepan Shaumyan. Memoirs, Essay, and Articles by Contemporaries . Moscow 1988
SG Shahumyan: Selected Works (Избранные произведения); Moscow, Volume 1 1957, Volume 2 1958

Web links

Commons : Stepan Shahumyan - Collection of images, videos and audio files

personal data
SURNAME	Shahumyan, Stepan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Shahumyan, Stepan Georgievich; Schaumjan, Stepan Georgievich; Շահումյան, Ստեպան (Armenian); Шаумян, Степан Георгиевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Soviet-Armenian politician
DATE OF BIRTH	October 13, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH	Tbilisi , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH	September 20, 1918
Place of death	Krasnovodsk