Stephan Agricola
Stephan (us) Agricola (the elder) (actually Stephan Kastenbauer or Castenpaur , rarely called Stephan Boius ; * around 1491 in Abensberg ; † April 10/11, 1547 in Eisleben ) was a German theologian and reformer.
Live and act
At a young age he entered the Augustinian order and began studying as a monk in Vienna . During his studies he went to the universities in Venice and Bologna , where he received his doctorate in theology in 1519. He had a good reputation as a preacher in Vienna and Regensburg and became a lecturer at the Augustinian monastery in Regensburg .
As an Augustinian, Lutheran teaching preached in different places. Therefore, on November 17, 1522, on suspicion of heresy , he was arrested and thrown into prison in Mühldorf am Inn . His own defense and an expert report by Johann von Staupitz were of no use, and he was already preparing to die by fire . The Protestant preacher was never convicted because Agricola was expelled from Regensburg, first held in Rattenberg in Tyrol and then transferred to the Salzburg enclave of Mühldorf am Inn to await execution there. The procedure was illegitimate for the Duchy of Bavaria, as in their opinion the high court in Mühldorf belonged to the Bavarians. In addition, important personalities have repeatedly campaigned for Agricola. Agricola was released in 1524 and was accepted by his friend Johannes Frosch in Augsburg. Here he was allowed to preach again in the St. Anna monastery .
In 1523 he wrote his Reformation program " A concern like the warlike deity of God commanded and suspended by God himself might be raised again with improvement, " in which he made considerable suggestions without any exaggeration. Under the protection of the council, he was able to stay in Augsburg and work under Johannes Frosch and Urbanus Rhegius , adhering to the Lutheran direction.
Some indications suggest that he translated Johannes Bugenhagen's letters to Johann Hess , which were directed against Ulrich Zwingli , into German and caused the dispute over the Lord's Supper to break out in Augsburg as well. When Margrave Georg the Pious called him to Ansbach in October 1528, he refused this offer. He took part in the Marburg Religious Discussion and signed the Marburg Articles on the part of the Lutherans.
After the Reichstag in Augsburg in March 1531, he went to Nuremberg, was called back, but could no longer assert himself against the Zwinglians. From 1531 he was with Wenzeslaus Linck in Nuremberg and succeeded Kaspar Löner in Hof . In a letter to Philipp Melanchthon asked Jacob Schlemmer to be the new schoolmaster . As Löner's successor, he signed the Schmalkaldic Articles . In 1542 he went to Sulzbach where he worked as a pastor from 1543 and from there he moved to Eisleben in 1545 , where he stayed until the end of his life.
Works
- At the delicious good sermon about dying, Mühldorf 1523;
- Article against Dr. Stephan Castenpaur put in, also what he replied to it from his prison, o. O. 1523;
- A concern, like the true divine service commanded by God himself ..., o. O. around 1524.
literature
- Wilhelm Gaß : Agricola, Stephan the Elder . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 156.
- Gustav Hammann: Agricola, Stephan. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 104 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Theodor Kolde : Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church (RE), Vol. 1 (1896), pp. 253-255
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Stephan Agricola. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 62.
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Nikolaus Prückner: Syncronistics and résumés of teachers at the Hof high school from 1502 to 1817. North-East Upper Franconian Association for Nature, History and Regional Studies eV Hof 1999. ISBN 3-928626-33-7 . P. 176.
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Agricola, Stephan |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stephan Kastenpaur |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German theologian and reformer |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 1491 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Abensberg |
DATE OF DEATH | April 10, 1547 or April 11, 1547 |
Place of death | Eisleben |