Beach sedge

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Beach sedge
Beach sedge (Carex extensa)

Beach sedge ( Carex extensa )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Beach sedge
Scientific name
Carex extensa
Gooden.

The beach sedge ( Carex extensa ) is a species of the genus of the sedge ( Carex ) within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is common on European coasts.

description

The beach sedge is a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 30, sometimes even 50 centimeters. It grows in small, relatively firm clumps , which in turn can form dense lawns. The upright stems are blunt triangular, smooth and only leafed at the base. The lower leaf sheaths are brown to rust-colored and do not fray. The stiff, thick and 2 to 3 millimeter wide leaf blades are gray-green, rutted and often rolled up at the edges. The short, triangular ligule is indistinct.

The foliage-like bracts are often longer than the inflorescence with a length of up to 10 centimeters. The different- eared inflorescence is 2 to 5 centimeters long with three to five sitting, mostly approaching ears . At the top is a terminal, cylindrical spike with single male flowers. At the bottom there are usually two to four elongated egg-shaped spikes with densely packed female flowers. The yellow to red-brown husks are prickly and keeled green. The male flowers have three stamens . The clearly two to three-edged utriculus (fruit tube) is about 3.5 millimeters long and surrounds three scars . The utriculus, which is initially gray-green in color and turns brown when ripe, has a short, two-toothed beak at the tip.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 60.

ecology

The beach sedge is a hemicryptophyte .

Distribution, location and protection

The beach sedge is widespread on the Atlantic coasts of northern and western Europe , on the coasts of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea . Their distribution area extends from Europe and the Mediterranean area to northern Iran and also includes Macaronesia. In North and South America it is a neophyte . In Germany it occurs exclusively on the North and Baltic Sea coasts. The beach sedge on the Baltic Sea also occurs close to nature in the sandy beach area.

The beach sedge inhabits moist, temporarily flooded salt marshes and pastures on the sea coasts and dune valleys on the islands. It also colonizes basins influenced by brackish water , the soils of which have a high proportion of sand and clay . The beach sedge prefers to colonize soils rich in bases. It is mainly found in salt plant corridors . In terms of plant sociology , it is a characteristic of the plant society (association) of Junco-Caricetum extensae and the Armerion maritimae association in Central Europe .

The beach sedge is classified as endangered on the red list of endangered vascular plants in Germany. Their population development is currently estimated to be constant. The beach sedge is threatened primarily by coastal protection measures and the failure to flood salt marshes and marshes .

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes . 11th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07613-X .
  • Franz Fukarek , Heinz executioner : Flora of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Fern and flowering plants . Weissdorn, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-936055-07-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  190 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Carex extensa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 18, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Beach Sedge ( Carex extensa )  - Album containing pictures, videos and audio files