Turin tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Italy |
| city | Turin |
| opening | 1871 |
| electrification | 1893 |
| operator | Gruppo Torinese Trasporti |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 88 km |
| Track length | 220 km |
| Gauge | 1445 mm |
| Power system | 600 volt DC overhead line |
| Depots | 2 |
| business | |
| Lines | 10 |
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The Turin tram is one of the main means of public transport in the northern Italian city of Turin , the capital of Piedmont . Today it is operated by the Gruppo Torinese Trasporti (GTT).
Turin has the oldest tram network in Italy, with the first horse-drawn tram running back in 1871.
The network has a route length of 88 kilometers, while the track length is around 220 kilometers.
The network tariff of the Agenzia per la Mobilità Metropolitana e Regionale applies to the tram , which is also applied to the subway , the S-Bahn and the city and regional bus services.
overview
The tram network is served by 9 lines, which have 11 different line routes, as some line names are used for different routes: This applies to the two ring lines around the city center, the 16 CD and the 16 CS - where CS stands for Circolare Sinistra (ring against the Clockwise) and CD for Circolare Destra (ring clockwise) - and the lines to the Juventus stadium. The Sassi – Superga cog railway , which opens up the hill of the same name at an altitude of 672 meters above sea level , is also part of the Turin tram network.
The network comprises a track length of 220 kilometers (100 kilometers of which run on its own track structure) with 470 kilometers of underground cables, 696 switches (195 of which are radio-controlled) and 175 traffic lights with priority switching. The Turin tram fleet is one of the most diverse in the world. Trains run on schedule with some very valuable historical vehicles. The Sassi-Superga cogwheel railway even runs on wagons from 1884, which, like the entire Turin fleet, have been carefully restored.
The ATTS (Associazione Torinese Tram Storici, dt. Turin Association for Historic Trams ), together with the GTT, receives funding from the Italian government for vehicle maintenance, since the tram is of great importance for the city as an ecological means of transport and cultural heritage. Every year ATTS hosts the Torino Trolley Festival, the first and only festival of historical and contemporary trams of its kind in Italy.
Current line network
City lines
The line network comprises ten lines, of which line 16 consists of two ring lines (16 CS left, 16 CD right) and line 9 consists of a trunk line and a dashed line (9, 9 /):
| line | Line route | length | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Corso Tortona ↔ Piazzale Vallette | 9.35 km | |
| 4th | Strada del Drosso ↔ Via delle Querce | 17.8 km | |
| 7th | Piazza Castello ↔ Porta Nuova train station ↔ Piazza Castello | 6.9 km | Ring line with historic vehicles |
| 9 | Piazza Stampalia ↔ Corso Massimo D'Azeglio | 9.4 km | |
| 9 / | Piazza Bernini ↔ Juventus Stadium | 5.5 km | only operates at events in the Juventus Arena |
| 10 | Piazza Statuto ↔ Corso Settembrini | 9.3 km | shortened due to construction work on the Passante Ferroviario railway tunnel |
| 13 | Piazza Campanella ↔ Piazza Gran Madre | 6.7 km | only runs on weekdays and only during the day |
| 15th | Via Brissogne ↔ Piazza Coriolano | 11.5 km | |
| 16 CS | Piazza Sabotino ↔ Via Rossini ↔ Piazza Sabotino | 12 km | Counterclockwise ring line |
| 16 CD | Piazza Sabotino ↔ Via Rossini ↔ Piazza Sabotino | 12 km | Ring line clockwise |
| ( 18 ) | (Piazzale Caio Mario ↔ Piazza Sofia) | (15 km) | until 2016, expected to be rail replacement services |
| 79 | Piazza Gustavo Modena ↔ Basilica di Superga | 3.1 km | Sassi – Superga rack railway |
Line 18 is currently running in the rail replacement service, as construction work for the Turin subway makes some track sections in Via Nizza inaccessible.
During events in the Stadio delle Alpi , some trips on lines 3 and 9 were diverted towards the stadium. These journeys were later abandoned and extended by a service line 9 / on a similar route as line 9, but in a southerly direction on Corso Maroncelli and diverted via the Porta Susa station , which is otherwise not served by line 9. During the time when the Stadio delle Alpi was demolished, line 9 / did not operate. After the opening of the new Juventus Arena at the same location on September 8, 2011, line 9 / with the route Piazza Bernini (transfer to the M1 underground line) ↔ Juventus Stadium (after the game, the journeys to Porta Nuova station are extended ) set up again. The line only runs during sporting events in the new stadium.
Metrotranvia
Lines 3 and 9 were built in the 1980s as Metrotranvia (German light rail). Today they are referred to as tram lines on their own tracks. Series 5000 and 9000 low-floor trams are used on these lines.
Line 4 has similar characteristics to line 3, but different vehicles are used. Line 4 also largely has its own track structure and thus achieves a higher travel speed . Series 6000 wagons operate on this line.
history
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From the opening to the post-war period
During the Risorgimento period , two horse-drawn bus lines had been operating in Turin since 1845 . The first concession for horse trams was granted in 1871. The Société Belge-Turinoise de Tramways (Sbt) built a network of nine lines with Belgian capital in just a few years. In 1891 another company was founded with the Società Torinese di Tramways e ferrovie economiche (Stt), which opened three new lines. The lines were electrified from 1893 and electrification was completed by the end of the century. During this time Sbt and Stt merged. In addition, a third company, the Società Anonima Elettricità Alta Italia (Saesi), received the concession to build new lines. In 1901, stopping on call was abolished and fixed stops were introduced. The Saesi company was municipalized in 1907. After the network of the Sbt-Stt was incorporated in 1922, the Azienda Tranviaria Municipale was founded as a unified operating company. However, it took some time before the networks were integrated, as the Sbt-Stt had an independent route network, deployed its own vehicles and used letters instead of digits to mark the lines. The outbreak of World War II halted further development and the bombing of the city resulted in restrictions on tram traffic.
From 1949 to May 1982
In 1949 the Turin tram network reached its greatest expansion with 23 lines. In the 1950s, despite a sharp increase in Turin's population, six lines were shut down. At the same time, however, the first articulated multiple units with a length of more than 18 meters (Series 2700) were used. In the 1960s, the tram fell behind due to mass motorization and another six lines were discontinued with the line reform of 1966. Due to the 1973 oil crisis , there was a slight recovery in the following decade.
Before the network reform of May 2, 1982, almost all parts of the city were served by the 14 tram lines.
The following lines operated before May 2, 1982:
| 1 | Via Catania - Corso Settembrini | (1953-1982) |
| 1/ | Corso Regio Parco - Corso Tazzoli | (1961-1982) |
| 2 | Piazza Campanella - Piazza Toselli | (1929-1982) |
| 3 | Largo Gottardo - Via Brissogne | (1898–1982) |
| 4th | Via Crevacuore - Piazza Gran Madre | (1924-1982) |
| 5 | Via Fattori - Piazza Coriolano | (1901-1982) |
| 6th | Via Fidia - Piazza Castello | (1924-1982) |
| 7th | Piazza della Repubblica - Piazza Coriolano | (1975-1982) |
| 8th | Via Paroletti - Piazza Caio Mario | (1914–1982) |
| 9 | Via Massari - Corso Sebastopoli | (1925–1982) |
| 10 | Largo Gottardo - Corso Tazzoli | (1912-1982) |
| 15th | Largo Gottardo - Corso Maroncelli | (1924-1982) |
| 16 | Piazza della Repubblica (ring line) | (1924-1982) |
| 19th | Via Amati ( Venaria Reale ) - Piazza Galimberti | (1925–1982) |
Since May 1982
Before the line reform of May 1982, some lines operated partly on common route sections, e.g. For example, lines 2 and 4 in the Parella district, lines 3, 10 and 15 in the Barriera di Milano district, lines 3 and 5 in the San Paolo district and lines 5 and 7 in the Vanchiglia district. One goal of the line reform was to allow only one line to run on each route. In addition, shorter lines were combined to form diameter lines. Line 18 combined the routes of the old lines 1 and 8. Overall, the network reform was criticized by passengers, also because bus routes were changed or discontinued.
Today's network is based on this reform, which goes back to the then transport department head Rolando. The plan envisaged the establishment of a Metropolitana leggera (German: Stadtbahn) on lines 1 to 5, which should form the main lines of the network with long sections on their own track. These were to be supplemented by conventional tram lines (10, 13, 14, 15, 16 ring, 17 and 18), thus creating a grid-like network that avoided overlapping with other lines and achieved higher travel speeds.
From this plan, only line 3 was initially implemented, while lines 2 and 5, which were initially served by buses, were not built. The tram routes for lines 14 and 17 were also not built. In the following months, line 12 was set up, filling the gaps created by the closure of lines 9 and 19. This line was then divided into lines 11 and 12 and shut down in 1998.
At the 1990 FIFA World Cup Line 9 was built, which has the same parameters as the M3. It connects the exhibition center with the Lanzo district including a branch to the Juventus Stadium (formerly Stadio delle Alpi). Between 2002 and 2007, line 9 was operated as a replacement rail service due to construction work on the M1 underground line . Since the reopening, 7000 series trams can no longer be used on this route.
In the first years of the 21st century, line 4 was extended by around 10 kilometers to 18 kilometers. Most of the new line runs on its own track.
In 2002, line 1 was shut down due to construction work for the subway. Line 1 has been replaced by the subway since 2007. In 2007, construction work reached Via Nizza, which is why line 18 has also been out of service since then.
Since 2002, line 13 / has been running during Advent and on ecological Sundays (Domeniche ecologiche) with historical vehicles, which follows the route of line 13 on the Statuto - Gran Madre route. This line also operated during the 2006 Winter Olympics .
Due to the construction work for the S-Bahn tunnel Passante Ferroviario, line 10 was shortened from August 2006 to include the Porta Susa - Via Massari section and has since ended at Rondò della Forca. Line 10 no longer ran on Sundays and public holidays. In 2011 the northern terminus was relocated to Piazza Statuto and in September 2012 the line was extended in a southerly direction along Corso Settembrini.
In October 2007, a second historical line was set up for a period of two months on the occasion of the centenary of the GTT / ATM: the ring line 7.This anticipated the tram line that had been running since March 28, 2011 in connection with the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the unity of Italy. It runs in the city center with around a dozen historic cars from the 1930s to 1960s.
On June 8, 2008, on the occasion of the ATTS Show in the depot of the Sassi-Superga rack railway, a free feeder line marked "15 /" ran between Via Bertola and Sassi, on which the historic cars 2595, 3203, 3279, 3501 and 116 were used.
On November 10, 2008, on the occasion of ATTS 'participation in the 33rd model railway exhibition, line 7 ran (clockwise only) with railcars 2595 and 3501, while a special line ran at the same time with railcar 116.
On March 28, 2011, daily traffic was finally introduced on historic line 7 with a double loop in the old town. As of July 1, 2011, however, operations were limited to Saturdays and Sundays due to the low level of use. After the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy (March 28 to November 27), i. H. on November 27, 2011 the scheduled service time ended. With a change in the route, daily operations were then reintroduced. The new route dispenses with the operation of Porta Susa, Piazza Statuto and Piazza della Repubblica in favor of Via Cernaia and Via XX Settembre (Cathedral and Porta Palatina) and then runs via Via Po and Corso Cairoli instead of Piazza Carlo Emanuele II and touches the Parco del Valentino.
Line 13 was temporarily shut down on December 3, 2013 after the overhead line in the area of Piazza Risorgimento was damaged during the installation of the Christmas lights; it was put back into operation on January 7, 2016. Due to the constant expansion of the driverless metro in Turin, from 2013 only lines 3, 4, 9, 10 and museum line 7 ran. All others were operated with a replacement rail service. In some cases, trams no longer stopped at important junctions. Some lines are still in danger of being closed.
vehicles
The Turin tram fleet is very diverse, as on the one hand vehicles from the 1960s are used in regular service (the conversion cars are from the 1930s), on the other hand modern low-floor trams with a length of 34 meters also operate.
Vehicles in regular service
- Series 2800–2857 : Railcar with two car bodies and three bogies of the type 2800 (first series) - year of construction: 1958–1960 (assembled from two wagons of the series 2100/2200 from the 1930s), modernized in the 1980s
- Series 2858–2902 : Railcar with two car bodies and three bogies of the type 2800 (second series) - Year of construction: 1982 (assembled from two series 2500 cars from the 1930s)
- Series 5000–5053 : Articulated multiple unit TPR (= tram a pianale ribassato) with two car bodies and three bogies (low-floor) - Fiat / Stanga - year of construction: 1989–1992
- Series 6000–6005 - Alstom Cityway : One -way articulated multiple units with seven car bodies, three of which are floating middle sections ( sedan chairs ) (100% low-floor) - year of construction: 2001
- Series 6006–6054 - Alstom Cityway : bi-directional articulated railcar with seven car bodies, three of which are floating middle sections ( sedan chairs ) (100% low-floor) - year of construction: 2001–2003
Former light rail vehicles
- Series 7000–7050 : ML bi-directional articulated railcar (= metropolitana leggera) with two car bodies and three bogies - Fiat / AEG - built in 1982–1986
In 1981, Fiat Ferroviaria ordered 100 articulated multiple units of the 7000 series for the planned conversion to a light rail , and in February 1983 the first vehicle was delivered. In 1987, line 3 was the first line to be upgraded to include a light rail system, after which the relevant planning was discontinued. The order was reduced to 51 units, as the 2.50 m wide trams could not run in the rest of the network due to their dimensions. From 2014, the trains were shut down and all of them scrapped by February 2016.
7000 series car in the current paint scheme
Historic vehicles
- Railcar 116 built in 1911 (restored 1976)
- Railcar 201 - from Bologna Year of construction: 1938 (restored 2011)
- Railcar 312 - type MRS from Rome Year of construction: 1938 (restored 2010)
- Railcar 502 Year of construction: 1924 (not roadworthy refurbished in 2000, roadworthy restored in 2009)
- Railcar 2592 Year of construction: 1932 (restored by ATTS in cooperation with GTT, work started in January 2007, completed on May 4, 2009)
- Railcar 2595 Year of construction: 1932 (restored 1999)
- Railcar 2598 Year of construction: 1932 (restored 2010 in original condition)
- Railcar 2759 Year of construction: 1959 (restored 2012)
- Railcar 2847 Year of construction: 1960 (restored 2009)
- Railcar 3104 Year of construction: 1949 (restored 2010 in original condition)
- Railcar 3203 Year of construction: 1958 (restored 2001)
- Railcar 3279 Year of construction: 1959 (restored 2001)
- Railcar 3501 Year of construction: 1948 (restored 1998)
Historic vehicles not yet restored
The following cars (except for railcar 401) will be restored by the Associazione Torinese Tram Storici for use on the historic line 7 with the help of funding from the Ministry of the Environment and the GTT:
- 447 formerly Trieste tram (completion planned for 2012)
- 401 formerly Rome tram (first articulated railcar in the world with Giostra Urbinati (German: Urbinati carousel), the restoration is progressing very slowly)
- 961 "Peter-Witt" car, formerly Naples tram (completion will take place after car 447)
- S1 former rail cleaning car from Rome, (long-term restoration planned)
- 2401 + 3404 type M4.65 sidecar of the Munich tram (date of restoration not yet set)
In addition, ATTS was able to save car 2593 from a scrap dealer and wants to rededicate it as a "cultural railway".
Historic vehicles that cannot be driven
exhibited in the GTT Museum in Sassi
- Car 197 (horse tram)
- Belgian car 209 (restored in 2006, first ATTS restoration)
Vehicles of the Sassi-Superga rack railway
- D1 railcar with two axles - year of construction: 1934
- D2 e D3 railcars with four axles - year of construction: 1934
- D11 e D12 closed sidecar with four axles - year of construction: 1884
- D13 e D14 open sidecar with four axles - year of construction: 1884
- S21 and S22 trolleys for transporting materials or bicycles
Special vehicles
- Railcar 2807 "historical paintwork with two shades of green"
- Railcar 2815 "historical paintwork with two shades of green"
- Railcar 2852 "historical paintwork with two shades of green"
- Railcar 2855 "historical paintwork with two shades of green"
- Railcar 2841 "Tram with Gastronomy Ristocolor " (since 2002)
- Railcar 2823 "Gustotram" (since 2011)
- Railcar 3179 "Tram Teatro" - year of construction: 1958 (restored 2007)
- Railcar 3262 "Tram Progetto Diogene" - year of construction: 1958 (a restoration in its final state is planned, end of the 1990s)
Work car
- Railcar T420 rail grinding car (parked)
- Railcar T427 sand spreader
- Railcar T450 shunting locomotive - year of manufacture: 1957
The T450 shunting locomotive was built with the chassis and electrical equipment of the ATM 37 car from the beginning of the 20th century.
literature
- Tuttocittà 82 di Torino e comuni limitrofi, supplement to the yellow pages
- Antonio Accattatis: Linee tranviarie a Torino . 2007, ISBN 978-88-87911-78-7 .
Web links
- Official website of the operator GTT
- Current line network
- Detailed page about the Turin tram
- Site of the Associazione Torinese Tram Storici, initiator of the historic line 7
- Pictures of the Turin tram on photorail.com
- Pictures of the Turin tram on railfaneurope.net
- Pictures of the Turin tram on public-transport.net
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/storia_tram_1.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/situazione_linee.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/storia_tram_1.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/storia_tram.htm
- ↑ UrbanRail.Net - Torino
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/rete.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/storia_tram.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/rete.htm
- ↑ http://www.tramditorino.it/situazione_linee.htm
- ↑ The return of line 13 (Italian). Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ Addio 13. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 9, 2013 ; Retrieved December 7, 2013 (Italian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Tram serie 7000 at tramditorino.it, accessed on September 23, 1017
