Streisand effect

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Litigation was triggered by this recording for the California Coastal Records Project , on which the Streisand estate can also be seen.

As Streisand Effect is the sociological phenomenon called when a clumsy an attached attempt to suppress unwelcome information that reaches the opposite by the procedure creates a public awareness that increases interestingness and dissemination of the information in question clearly.

Origin of the designation

2003 sued Barbra Streisand photographer Kenneth Adelman and the website Pictopia.com unsuccessfully to 50 million US dollars in damages on the grounds of one of the published therein 12,000 aerial photos of the coast of California , the coastal erosion for the California Coastal Records Project documented is their House to see.

This was not known in detail until then, but after Streisand's lawsuit established the link between the photo and her property, the previously unimportant photo spread like an avalanche on the Internet.

motivation

The reason for the removal of information can be an assumed violation of personal rights . For example, access to a photo , a file or even a complete website or their provision is prohibited by provisional legal protection . Even if it is successful, the combated information can spread further, for example through " mirroring " on the Internet or dissemination in file-sharing networks.

The effect is related to this observation by John Gilmore : The Net interprets censorship as damage and routes around it. (“The network regards censorship as damage and bypasses it ”), comparable to a regenerative organism . The effect does not arise automatically, however, but as the sum of targeted and conscious actions of numerous individuals, be it out of curiosity or out of conviction, for example to actively combat censorship.

Against negative company reports on the Internet, service providers meanwhile offer to pass on information about negative statements to companies at an early stage in order to prevent uncontrolled distribution.

Examples

Worldwide internet

Internet users spread this image as Free Speech Flag (Flag of the Free Speech ) in blogs , as avatars in forums and on private sites. The first fifteen bytes are represented in the RGB coding of the five colors, each color provides three bytes of the HD-DVD key, the sixteenth byte are the characters "C0" ( hexadecimal ) in the lower right corner.
  • An attempt to ban the HD-DVD secret key from Digg and other websites failed. Instead of being deleted, massive protests resulted in the code being distributed on a huge number of websites and encoded in songs, pictures, poems and many other media.
  • After Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadej was insulted in a video on YouTube , the Thai government blocked access to the website for lese majesty . This led to more videos, some of which were more offensive, and the topic attracted a lot of attention.
  • Scientology's attempt to ban a video by Tom Cruise about Scientology from the Internet led to the formation of the protest movement Project Chanology , which held real-life demonstrations every month from February 2008.
  • In February 2008, the Swiss bank Julius Baer tried to have the publication of internal documents that it described as falsified on the whistleblower site WikiLeaks removed by a court. This initially led to the WikiLeaks domain being disconnected by means of an injunction. However, the documents were further distributed through global mirroring and other websites. The publication of the incident in the media attracted international attention and the support of WikiLeaks by civil rights organizations . The cancellation of the order in the further course was justified with its unsuccessfulness.
  • In April 2013, the French domestic intelligence service DCRI forced an uninvolved administrator of the French-language Wikipedia to delete the Wikipedia article on the Pierre-sur-Haute military radio station under threat of pre-trial detention . The article was quickly restored by other users and made available in other language versions of Wikipedia. Internationally, the media took up the process in their reporting.
  • When Blizzard Entertainment was called to support the protests in Hong Kong during an official livestream in October 2019 , Blizzard Entertainment ended the livestream and blocked the player who had called for it. As a result, the clip gained much greater popularity and many players began to boycott Blizzard Entertainment. When another player called for this boycott during another live stream, his video transmission was also canceled. The result was again that the video spread faster and even more people learned of the boycott call.

German-speaking internet

  • At the end of 2005, the parents of the late hacker Tron tried to ban the use of his real name on Wikipedia , but ultimately failed in court. At the beginning of 2006, the forwarding of Wikipedia.de to de.wikipedia.org was temporarily prevented by an injunction, which caused a lot of media coverage.
  • On November 13, 2008, the Left Party politician Lutz Heilmann obtained an injunction from the Lübeck Regional Court that the automatic redirection from wikipedia.de to the internet address de.wikipedia.org, which can still be reached , had to be switched off due to factual allegations made there . Heilmann justified this step by stating that Wikimedia Germany did not allow him to reply to these claims. It was only through this preliminary injunction that the article with the controversial information received increased attention, and various media reported on the background.
  • From 2008 to March 2009, a legal dispute between the then DFB President Theo Zwanziger and the sports journalist Jens Weinreich attracted nationwide media coverage. Zwanziger demanded a declaration of cease and desist from Weinreich because of the designation "incredible demagogue" . He was defeated in five courts against Weinreich before the opponents reached an out of court settlement. Zwanzigers' approach was followed very critically by journalists and bloggers and caused a much greater loss of reputation than Weinreich's statement in question. In some media this has been criticized as an example of ill-considered and exaggerated legal action and an example of the Streisand effect.
  • On February 3, 2009, blogger Markus Beckedahl , operator of Netzpolitik.org , received a warning regarding the publication of an internal memo on the Deutsche Bahn employee raster search. When the warning became known, the published memo received increased attention and appeared shortly afterwards in P2P networks and on wikileaks.org . Traditional media have also reported on the case since then and spread the memo on.
  • In August 2009, the sporting goods manufacturer Jako wanted to take legal action against a blogger after he had made derogatory comments about the company's new logo in a blog entry that was only read by around 400 people. After a massive negative nationwide media coverage, the legal steps were finally withdrawn. The company's approach was referred to as a “classic PR own goal” and a “prime example of how companies shouldn't communicate in the digital age” and associated with the Streisand effect.
  • On August 17, 2010 the city of Duisburg prohibited the Duisburg local blog xtranews from publishing alleged city documents with reference to copyright . The documents provided information about the council resolutions for the Love Parade 2010 and contained plans, presentations, police reports or witness statements and further details about the event and its planning. Within a few hours, readers had filed the documents on various servers around the world in protest of this lawsuit. The microblogging service Twitter was significantly involved as the transmission medium. The Lord Mayor Adolf Sauerland , who himself called for complete reporting to clear up the Love Parade accident , came even further into the public eye with his complaint.
  • On February 12, 2012, the Essener Verkehrs-AG tried to prevent the use of the hashtag #EVAG on Twitter by means of a “last warning”. This threat caused a lot of malice among German-speaking Twitter users and led to the corresponding hashtag being represented in the hit list of the most popular hashtags, and at times even topping the list. In this way, the local transport company has "achieved nationwide recognition within a very short time [...]", according to the Financial Times Deutschland .
  • The Thuringian AFD politician Björn Höcke was in a letter in early 2015 Thüringer Allgemeine first name Bernd called. When Höcke was furious about it at a demonstration in Erfurt, Oliver Welke from the heute-show began to use the wrong first name regularly. Other comedians also frequently copied this joke. The wrong first name even appeared in the ZDF heute news and a publication by the Bundestag. More about this at Björn Höcke # Bernd Höcke .
  • On July 30, 2015 it became known that the Federal Public Prosecutor was investigating the relatively unknown blog “ Netzpolitik.org ” for treason . It was only through these official investigations, branded by the larger media as “intimidation” and “attack on freedom of the press”, that the contents of the trigger of the investigation, two secret documents of the constitution protection , also became known to a broad public.
  • On March 17, 2016, the NDR satirical magazine " extra 3 " published under the name Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan to the melody of the song Irgendwie, somewhere, sometime by the German singer Nena, a film satirical of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . A few days later, the Turkish President summoned the German ambassador from Ankara to the Turkish Foreign Ministry, which caused an international stir. The video on YouTube was subsequently viewed millions of times and is now also available with Turkish subtitles . A few days later attacked ZDF presenter Jan Böhmermann this spot on and published in his late-night talk show " Neo Magazine Royale " under the title insulting criticism a satirical poem against Erdogan, hence the Böhmermann affair developed. In the course of this, 75% of the ridiculous poem was banned by the Hamburg district court , but the full text was published in an appendix to the judgment in order to identify the prohibited parts. This appendix, in turn, was widely distributed. The controversial poem was also recited in full by a CDU member during a debate in the German Bundestag.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mascha Carina Bilsdorfer: Police public relations work in social networks, limited preview in the Google book search
  2. ↑ According to [1] , page 6, it was previously downloaded six times, including two times by Streisand's lawyers
  3. ^ David Canton: Today's Business Law: Attempt to suppress can backfire. ( Memento of July 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: London Free Press , November 5, 2005 (archived on the author's website). Accessed April 2, 2016. The Streisand effect is what happens when someone tries to suppress something and the opposite occurs. The act of suppressing it raises the profile, making it much more well known than it ever would have been.
  4. ↑ Sunshine Mugrabi: YouTube Censored? Offending Paula Abdul clips are abruptly taken down. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007 ; Retrieved on April 2, 2016 : “Another unintended consequence of this move could be that it extends the kerfuffle over Ms. Abdul's behavior rather than quelling it. Mr. Nguyen called this the "Barbra Streisand effect," referring to that actress's insistence that paparazzi photos of her mansion not be used. "
  5. ↑ Quoted from: Philip Elmer-Dewitt: First Nation in Cyberspace. In: Time International , December 6, 1993, No. 49.
  6. ^ Stefan Schultz: communication strategist Martin Grothe. Crisis navigator for the web of rumors. In: Spiegel Online . September 13, 2009, accessed August 3, 2010 .
  7. ^ John Marcotte: Free Speech Flag . Badmouth.net. May 1, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  8. ↑ AACS encryption key controversy in the English language Wikipedia
  9. ↑ Thailand blocks Youtube. in: Spiegel Online , Netzwelt-Ticker, April 5, 2007.
  10. ↑ Internet movement against Scientology takes to the streets. heise.de
  11. ↑ WikiLeaks gets domain back. heise online
  12. ↑ La DCRI accusée d'avoir illégalement forcé la suppression d'un article de Wikipédia ( French ) Le Monde . April 6, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  13. ^ Tristan Vey: La DCRI fait pression sur un bénévole pour supprimer une page Wikipédia ( French ) Le Figaro . April 6, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  14. ↑ Benedikt Fuest: Streisand Effect: Secret Service embarrasses itself with Wikipedia deletion . In: Berliner Morgenpost , April 7, 2013.
  15. ^ French spy agency tries to pull 'classified' Wikipedia entry, only draws more attention to it . zdnet.com, April 7, 2013
  16. ↑ University Hearthstone Team holds up Free Hong Kong boycott Blizzard sign. Reddit
  17. ↑ Spiegel Online - netzwelt
  18. ↑ No further legal action against Wikipedia. In: linksfraktion.de. Die Linke, November 16, 2008, archived from the original on February 17, 2010 ; Retrieved November 17, 2008 .
  19. ↑ Lutz Heilmann. In: Wikipedia article statistics. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008 ; Retrieved November 18, 2008 .
  20. ↑ Wikipedia blocking: Lutz Heilmann and the “Streisand Effect”. In: Focus. November 17, 2008, accessed November 18, 2008 .
  21. ↑ Herbert Stoffels, Peter Bernskötter: The Goliath Trap: The new rules of the game for crisis communication in the social web . Springer-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-8349-3473-4 ( google.de [accessed on February 24, 2019]).
  22. ↑ A joke for an "incredible demagogue" - Twenties ./. Weinreich »Lawyer Markus Kompa - specialist lawyer for copyright and media law, Cologne. Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
  23. ↑ February 3, 2010 - sportinsider. Retrieved on February 24, 2019 (German).
  24. ^ Warning to Netzpolitik.org. Retrieved February 3, 2009 .
  25. ↑ Bahnmemo at wikileaks.org. Retrieved February 3, 2009 .
  26. ↑ Blogger David defies Bahn-Goliath. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved February 4, 2009 .
  27. ↑ JAKO and the Streisand Effect. Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Communication: And Jako is silent. Retrieved February 24, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Frauke Höger: Bloggers defeat Sauerland. In: taz . taz-Genossenschaft, August 18, 2010, accessed April 2, 2016 .
  30. ↑ Simone Wagner: The mayor and the Streisand effect. In: politreport.de. August 19, 2010, archived from the original on September 9, 2012 ; accessed on January 29, 2017 .
  31. ↑ Constanze Kurz : When the censorship looks very old . In: FAZ.net , August 20, 2010.
  32. ↑ Twitter trend Evag - Shitstorm hits Essen buses and trains . ( Memento from February 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) In: Financial Times Deutschland , February 16, 2012
  33. ↑ Björn Höcke or Bernd Höcke: What is the name of the AfD top candidate in Thuringia? In: Merkur.de . Retrieved April 15, 2020 .
  34. ↑ Björn or Bernd Höcke - what's the real name of the AfD uncle? In: shz.de . Retrieved April 15, 2020 .
  35. ↑ Network policy and the Streisand effect. In: Welt.de . Retrieved August 2, 2015 .
  36. ↑ Song: Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan | extra 3 | NDR. NDR television, March 17, 2016, accessed on March 29, 2016 .
  37. ↑ NDR satire excites the Turkish government: "Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan" has consequences. ARD / Tagesschau, March 29, 2016, accessed on March 29, 2016 .
  38. ↑ Şarkı: Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdoğan (turkçe altyazılı). In: extra 3rd NDR television, March 29, 2016, accessed on March 29, 2016 (Turkish).
  39. ^ LG Hamburg 24th civil chamber, judgment of 10.02.2017, 324 O 402/16. Retrieved February 2, 2020 .
  40. ↑ Disparaging criticism discussed: Steep submission for Böhmermann. May 12, 2016, accessed July 7, 2020 .