Studiosus
The terms studiosus ( stud. ) And candidatus ( cand. ) Are also used at universities in internal university communication . In the German-speaking countries, these are not official academic degrees .
Types and distinction
The student degree indicates the progress of the studies ( stud. Or cand. ) And the subject (see list) and is usually abbreviated. In the German-speaking world, the student names are not part of the university law of a country and are neither officially nor clearly assigned or delimited.
Students can generally contact stud. ( studiosus ) and the Latin abbreviation of the respective subject area. The term studiosus , which has been used in this way since the Middle Ages, is derived from studium in the sense of a scientific occupation at a university .
From the intermediate examination or the beginning of preparation for the final degree , the term cand. ( Candidatus ) is used together with the relevant subject area. Usually this refers to students who are shortly before or during the time of the final exams, i.e. who are candidates (namely for an academic degree), or more rarely - depending on the subject or local usage - also to students who have passed the intermediate examination. The name candidatus originally stood for the candidate for an office in the Roman Empire who was dressed in a white ( candidus "white") toga . When there used to be an “undergraduate doctorate ”, that is, one without a previously acquired academic degree, a doctoral candidate accepted by a professor could use this self-designation. In the absence of an academic degree, judicial examination offices designate the graduates of the First Legal Examination (First State Examination) as legal candidates .
There are also unofficial self-designations for the doctoral degree, e.g. B. Drs. ( Doctorandus ) for a person writing a doctoral thesis and Dr. des. ( doctor designatus ) for the designated, i.e. confirmed, but not yet awarded degree. Some universities explicitly prohibit their use.
use
The abbreviations are used in Germany, Switzerland and z. In some cases Austria also prefers the name in connection with the technical abbreviation by tradition-conscious students (e.g. student associations ) in "university-internal usage" - since there it is assumed that no qualification has been obtained - but do not represent a government authority or University title or academic degree, possibly a "student degree". In Austria the abbreviation stud. partly used in protocols by organs of the academic self-administration in order to identify student members of these committees independently of the study progress.
Potential risk of confusion with foreign academic degrees
In Denmark, Iceland and Norway, candidate or the abbreviation cand. Denotes academic degrees that are comparable to a master’s degree . In some states of the former Eastern Bloc, on the other hand, the scientific candidate designates an academic degree that is equivalent to a doctorate in Germany (the degree of Doctor of Science in this system corresponds to the German habilitation ).
Notation
The designation is written in lower case and without a hyphen: e.g. E.g . : cand. Ing. , cand. med .
Alphabetical list of Latin technical terms
Students put a stud in front of the subject names. , the same list with cand applies to the graduation candidates . Literally this means "student / candidate of ..." (eg: rer. nat. for rerum naturalium "things of nature"), therefore the technical terms are always in the genitive held. Many subjects can only be temporarily translated into Latin or Greek, whereby titles and degrees, which are protected, are to be avoided in particular. At the medieval university the seven liberal arts prepared for the three possible subjects theology, law and medicine; this order was retained here.
| theol. | theologiae theology |
| iur. (or jur.) | iuris, iurisdictionis, iuris prudentiae Jura or Jus |
| med. | medicinae medicine (candidatus after passing the first section of the medical examination ( Physikum )) |
| phil. | philosophiae humanities , cf. trivium |
| rer. nat. | rerum naturalium natural sciences , cf. quadrivium |
There are latinizations devised by students for each field of study for these early main directions:
philosophiae
Students at a philosophical faculty or a subject originally included in philosophy may choose to U. a Latinized technical term:
| angl. | rerum Anglicarum English Studies |
| arch. | Archaeologiae archeology |
| cur. | curae nursing science |
| disci. | disciplinae educational science |
| ethn. | Ethnologiae Völkerkunde |
| geogr. | geographiae geography |
| ger. | rerum Germanicarum Germanistik |
| grae. | linguae Graecae Greek / Graecum |
| hist. | historiae historical science |
| lat. | linguae Latinae Latin |
| oec. inf. | oeconomiae informaticae business informatics |
| paed. | paedagogiae pedagogy |
| psych. | psychologiae psychology |
| rer. oec. | rerum oeconomiacarum Economics or business administration |
| rer. phil. | rerum philosophiacarum philosophy |
| rer. pole. | rerum politicarum Politics or economics |
| rer. soc. | rerum socialium social science |
| rer. soc. oec. | rerum socialium oeconomicarumque: 〈Austrian.〉 Social and economic sciences |
| rhet. | rhetoricae rhetoric |
rerum naturalium
Mathematicians, engineers and scientists U. the following Latinized technical terms:
| aer. | aeronauticus aerospace technology |
| agr. | agrarius, the agricultural sciences |
| arch. | architecturae architecture |
| arch. nav. | architecturae navalis shipbuilding |
| biol. | biologiae biology |
| chem. | chemistriae chemistry |
| el. | electricarum electrical engineering |
| forest. | forestarius, forest science |
| geod. | Geodesy / surveying |
| inf., inform. | informaticensis computer science |
| ing. |
Civil engineering other engineering sciences |
| do | machinae mechanical engineering |
| math. | mathematicensis, mathematicae mathematics |
| pharm. | pharmaciae pharmacy |
| phys. | physicae physics |
| psych. | psychologiae psychology |
| rer. mont. | rerum montanum mining |
Universities of applied sciences
The addition (FH) is often used at universities of applied sciences. For example, in the form cand. Ing. (FH)
Do not confuse
- Studiosus or Studiosus Reisen is a tour operator founded in 1954 and based in Munich.
Footnotes
- ↑ Glossary Uni Basel ( Memento of the original from May 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ University of Kiel, Doctoral Regulations, § 23 Completion of the Doctorate, Paragraph 3: ( Memento of the original of July 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. "With the receipt of the doctoral certificate, the applicant receives the authorization to use the doctoral degree. Before this time, the degree may not be in any form, not even as a Dr. des., be performed. "
