Talheim (Mössingen)
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Talheim
City of Mössingen
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| Height : | 572 m |
| Residents : | 1760 (Jan 31, 2014) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1971 |
| Postal code : | 72116 |
| Area code : | 07473 |
 Talheim from the foot of the Farrenberg (2010)
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Talheim is a district of Mössingen in the Tübingen district , Baden-Württemberg .
geography
location
Talheim is located about 24 km southeast of the university town of Tübingen at the foot of the Swabian Alb . The Steinlach River , which gives its name to the Steinlach Valley , rises near the village . The place is at an altitude of 510–623 m. At Talheim is the 820 meter high mountain of Mössingen, the Farrenberg with the ruins of Andeck Castle . The Swabian Alb North Edge Path (HW 1) leads through Talheim and brings hikers to the village and to the famous mountain slide on the Hirschkopf .
Neighboring places
The following places border on Talheim; their respective affiliation is mentioned in the articles, they are in a clockwise direction , starting in the north and called part of the district of Tübingen , for the district of Reutlingen and Zollernalbkreis : Öschingen , Willmandingen , Salmendingen , Beuren , Belsen and Mössingen .
history
Prehistory and settlement foundation
The place name Talheim, meaning "settlement in the valley", as well as archaeological finds refer to an early medieval settlement in the first half of the 7th century AD. But people had already settled in the Talheim area in earlier times. Finds at the Kirchkopf and Farrenberg point to hilltop settlements from the Urnfield period (10th / 9th centuries BC), which were very likely inhabited until the Hallstatt period (8th – 5th centuries BC). The finds of Roman shards in the “Burtelsgärtle” area and in the “Hölzle” corridor could point to Roman manors . An early medieval burial ground found in the Rietshalde during water pipeline work shortly after 1900 shows that a settlement with a wealthy Alemannic population had existed since the first half of the 7th century at the latest . The numerous donations from the “Dalaheimer Mark” in the 8th and 9th centuries confirm this picture.
The first mention of the year 766 in Talheim
The 12th century manuscript collection Codex Laureshamensis of the Lorsch Monastery , which has been a World Heritage Site since 1991, gives in its copy of the 8th century deed of donation No. 3244 of Rotwin von Talheim as the date: “Actum in monasterio Lauresham [ensi ], the VIII kl. ianuarii, anno XV Pippini regis. "This is very likely to be resolved as" the octavo [ante] Kalendas Ianuarii, anno quinto decimo [peracto / completo / confecto (!)] Pippini [tertii sive iunioris] regis [Francorum] ", at" die octavo "with the ablative of time (ablativus temporis) and then in" Kalendas "with the accusative of temporal extension (accusativus durativus) used in a formula without a preposition. Usual classical Latin would be: "ante diem octavum Kalendas Ianuarias, anno quinto decimo Pippini regis" with the formulaic change and case adjustment from "the octavo ante Kalendas Ianuarias", ie " on the eighth day [including both border days] before January 1 , [ after the completion] of the 15th year of King Pippin . ”This clearly indicates December 25th.
Now Pippin the Third the Younger was crowned King of the Franks in the second half of November 751 . His mentioned 15th year of reign ran from November 765 to November 766, so that according to today's chronology, the year 765 should be read for the donation. For the last year of Pippin's reign the Third the Younger, in which he died on September 24, 768, there was a gap of ten months in the Codex's records. The fact that no donations were made to the Lorsch Monastery for months at this peak in donations is to be regarded as very unlikely, if not completely ruled out. From this it can be concluded with great probability that the copyists referred to the day of the donation to Christmas Day after the completion (!) Of the 15th year of the reign of King Pippin the Younger in November 766, i.e. to Christmas Day only on that date subsequent current year of the reign of Pepin, hence his 16 . Only with the eldest son of Pippin the Third the Younger, that King Charles the First of the Franks (since 768), who as Roman Emperor Charles the First (since 800) was later given the designation Charlemagne , was the reigning years of the present customary after the current year of government [date: anno currente , current year ] of the government period.
The Zollern counts loan donations
It is not known to whom the Talheim property was passed on over the centuries. In any case, in the High Middle Ages Talheim belonged to the Counts of Zollern , who drew tithes in the village until the 15th century . In the 13th century they enfeoffed their taverns with Andeck Castle and the associated village of Talheim. Wernher Schenk von Zell (1251–1262) is mentioned as the first lord of the Andeck castle . His nephew Werner Schenk von Neuenzell first named himself Schenk von Andeck after his new home in 1282 and is therefore considered to be the progenitor of the family. In the 14th century, the Andecks are also mentioned as lords of the Church of St. Pankratius and Cyriakus on the Kirchberg. In addition, Beguines or Franciscan Terziarinnen settled in this period , which were first mentioned in 1361. In 1367 Konrad Schenk von Andeck gave the sisters the farmstead of their hermitage next to the church. The von Andeck family, who got increasingly into financial difficulties over time, gradually sold their holdings in the castle and village and at the beginning of the 15th century moved to a moated castle on the outskirts of Talheim. The family, henceforth called Schenken von Talheim, sold all rights in the village and the last eighth to Andeck Castle to Wilhelm Truchsess von Stetten in 1433 . A large part of Andeck Castle and the village had long been in the hands of the Herter von Dusslingen, who sold this property to the Counts of Württemberg in the middle of the 15th century . Around 1500 three quarters of the village belonged to the Duchy of Württemberg and the remaining part of the von Stetten family, which in 1518 came to the Lords of Karpfen through Anna von Stetten . The village castle with all associated buildings such as barn, dairy and washing and baking house also belonged to the new Karpf property.
When Württemberg introduced the Reformation in 1534, the church on the mountain was declared a general village church. The chapel in the village lost its importance and was later demolished. The field name "Käppelesrain" still suggests its former location at the exit from the village towards Melchingen . The Beginenklause still existed after the Reformation, but was set to extinction. The last sister died in 1610, the Klausen buildings were demolished in the 18th century. When the Lords of Karpfen sold their last shares in the village of Talheim to Württemberg in 1618, the carp subjects were assembled on June 16 of that year, released from their duty and oath to the von Karpfen family and committed in the name of Württemberg.
Wasserburg and New Palace in Talheim
The village castle of the Lords of Karpfen , whose former location can now be found between Beethovenstrasse and Kreuzstrasse, was described in a dilapidated state as early as the beginning of the 17th century: the drawbridge was perilous, the wall at the moat threatened with collapse, the fountain without water and the straw barn without a roof. That is why the Lords of Karpfen had built a new, more modest castle south of today's Kreuzstrasse as early as 1580. The old moated castle was henceforth called the Old Castle or Schlössle, the New Castle was later also called the Jägerhaus. Due to the financial difficulties of the Karpf family, however, this palace building also quickly showed itself to be in a precarious state: in rainy weather, water had run into the bay window and damaged the paneling. By 1618, the Duchy of Württemberg acquired a large part of the castle estate, which then passed it on as a fief to Heinrich von Offenburg, who also obtained the hunt for red deer and wild boar, deer, foxes and hares. The goods and rights that were passed on as Kunkellehen , i.e. via the female line, finally fell to Eva Maria Schilling von Cannstatt at the end of the 17th century , who died in Talheim in 1733. The buildings remained in the family's possession for a good 100 years before they were sold around 1830. The entire castle property was smashed and mostly demolished.
Community development
For centuries, Talheim has been a classic street village along the state road that runs parallel to Steinlach and was mentioned as a road from Rottenburg to Münsingen as early as the 15th century . The road caused high costs for the Duchy of Württemberg , which was responsible for maintaining the road. When this had to be relocated to the right side of the valley due to water damming in 1613, Württemberg ceded maintenance to the municipality with the right to demand a travel fee of 1 pfennig per horse for passing travelers.
Until the 19th century, the people of Talheim made their livelihood in agriculture, which, however, did not bring abundant yields due to the cramped valley location, the unfavorable soils and the height of around 570 m (above sea level). In addition, the plots, which have been shrinking over the generations in the real division area , no longer provided sufficient supplies for the community, which in 1802 now had 814 inhabitants. When the population grew by another 350 by 1850, the situation continued to deteriorate. While some had their secondary or main occupation in handicrafts or later in industry - sometimes as seasonal or migrant workers - a large part of their previous homeland turned their backs. In 1864 alone there were 47 emigrants. After the population had grown again quickly to 1161 by 1880, there was another sharp decline due to emigration, which lasted for decades. In 1919, the municipality was supplied with electricity for the first time by the Upper Swabian electricity works in Biberach and in 1924 the first factory, the Bischoff wood goods production from Reichenbach adF, set up shop in the village.
In the Second World War , the place lamented 72 fallen soldiers and 12 missing soldiers, a large number of destroyed houses. On the night of March 15-16, 1944, bombs fell on the place when a downed plane was dropped. When the French marched into Mössingen and the neighboring towns on April 22, 1945 and a unit of flag squires took up position on the Albaufstieg near Talheim, the local mayor and local group leader decided to have the town defended against the will of most of the residents by the Volkssturm. The French conquered Talheim house by house by the next day, and in the end nine people died on both sides and the town was seriously destroyed.
Post-war years until today
After 1945 the place was rebuilt and it grew increasingly on both sides of the main street. The wood goods factory, which had been run by the Hantzsche company from Benneckenstein in the Harz Mountains since 1941, also resumed production and began building kitchen furniture in the late 1950s. In 1953 the knitwear and tricot goods factory Jörg Dölker KG was established. At the beginning of the 1960s, the community had more than 1000 inhabitants for the first time due to the development of new building areas and the development continued. When the map of the municipalities in the state was reorganized with the municipality reform in the 1970s, the 1400 Talheim residents were incorporated into Mössingen on January 1, 1971 . The large commercial enterprises Hantzsche and Dölker closed in the 1980s. The interest of young families as well as business people in settling in Talheim is great today. Today the place has almost 1,800 inhabitants.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Julius Speer (1905–1984), forest scientist
literature
- Dorothee Ade, Frieder Klein, Andreas Willmy (eds.): Damn long ago. . Finds from Mössingen's early days. Esslingen 2014.
- Hermann Berner a. a. (Ed.): Talheim in old pictures, Mauser & Tröster, Mössingen 2016.
- Katharina Franz: The days were increasing. A village 1945 - a woman tells, Flieter, Hattingen / Ruhr 1985, ISBN 3-923797-03-6 .
- Hermann Griebel: Ortsfamilienbuch Talheim 1568–1920, Cardamina Verlag, Weißenthurm 2018 (Württembergische Ortssippenbücher, Volume 116), ISBN 978-3-86424-421-6 .
- Karl Glöckner (Ed.): Codex Laureshamensis. Vol. 1: Introduction, Regesten, Chronicle. Darmstadt 1929.
- The district of Tübingen. Official district description . Stuttgart 1972.
- Albrecht Schumacher (Ed.): 1250 years Talheim 766–2016, Talheim community, Talheim 2016.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ade / Klein / Willmy, Verdammt lang her, pp. 30–37, 54 ff.
- ↑ Karl Glöckner, Codex Laureshamensis, p. 109 ff.
- ↑ Such a past participle is very likely to be added according to contemporary chronology.
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↑ On the gaps in tradition, see Karl Glöckner, Codex Laureshamensis , pp. 48–49. - It was only at the time of the invention of the wheel clock that the medieval time calculation became much more precise.
The philologist Reinhard Breymayer has found a nice example from the 12th century in which the author gives three different dates for the reign of a ruler:
1) "anno peracto" ("after the completed year"; it would also be possible: "anno completo "or" anno confecto "),
2)" anno currente "(" in the current year "),
3)" anno incarnationis Domini "(" in the year of the Incarnation of the Lord ", ie" Anno Domini "), towards ours current calendar, whereby the first year of Christ according to the original calendar was set on December 25th before the current year 1. There is no year zero in the civil calendar, only in astronomy it is used. The so-called nativity style, which uses the year data “after the birth of Christ” with the beginning of the year on December 25th, is hardly used in the 8th century, ie especially in the years 764–766. Only Charlemagne (around 747–841), who had himself crowned emperor at Christmas 800 (according to his own calendar style, Christmas 801), has the years "after the birth of Christ" counted in December. - ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 534 .
