Tambo River
| Tambo River | ||
 Tambo River and Tambo Valley south of Ensay |
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| Data | ||
| location |
Victoria ( Australia )
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| River system | Tambo River | |
| Drain over | Gippsland Lakes → Bass Strait | |
| Headwaters |
Bowen Mountains in the Australian Alps 36 ° 57 ′ 0 ″ S , 147 ° 54 ′ 0 ″ E |
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| muzzle |
Lake King Coordinates: 37 ° 51 ′ 0 ″ S , 147 ° 48 ′ 0 ″ E 37 ° 51 ′ 0 ″ S , 147 ° 48 ′ 0 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 1 m
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| length | 170 km | |
| Left tributaries | Tambo River South Branch, Little River, Timbarra River | |
| Right tributaries | Swifts Creek, Haunted Stream | |
| Small towns | Bindi, Tongio, Swifts Creek , Doctors Flat, Ensay , Tambo Crossing, Double Bridges, Bruthen , Tambo Upper, Swan Reach , Johnsonville | |
The Tambo River is a river in the eastern Gippsland in the Australian state of Victoria with a total length of more than 170 kilometers.
It is the longest river in the Tambo-Nicholson Basin, stretching from the steep, forested southern slopes of the Australian Alps through forests and farmland to the Gippsland Lakes .
Geography and hydrology
River course
The Tambo River rises in the Bowen Mountains in the southern Australian Alps , part of the Great Dividing Range , approx. 20 km east of Benambra . It flows south into Lake King , one of the Gippsland lakes . The following cities and towns lie along its course: Bindi, Tongio, Swifts Creek , Ensay , Tambo Crossing, Bruthen , Tambo Upper, Swan Reach and Johnsonville .
The river leaves the mountains where it has its actual source near Bindi, north of Swifts Creek, and from Bindi it flows through the Tambo Valley to Bruthen. The Great Alpine Road leads from Tongio along the river and follows it south through almost the entire Tambo Valley. The valley is relatively wide and flat from Bindi to south of Ensay and is used for agriculture. There it gets narrower again and the river is lined with steep, wooded slopes. To the north of Bruthen the valley opens again and the river takes its way through a fertile plain to Lake King. This level is characterized by grain cultivation , dairy farming and cattle breeding .
Riverbed
At Bindi the river bed is about 5 m wide. At Swifts Creek and Ensay, the width is approx. 12 m with a water depth of up to 1.4 m and the bed consists of gravel and gravel . In the narrow, forested river valley between Ensay and Bruthen, the river is up to 20 m wide and the bed consists of rock , rubble , gravel, sand and mud . Extensive sedimentation occurs between Bruthen and Tambo Upper, and the river bed is over 25 m wide, but typically less than 0.5 m deep in summer. There is only sand in this area. At Tambo Upper the river narrows again and the bed consists mainly of mud from there to the mouth .
Tributaries
The Tambo River has a number of important tributaries. The two largest are the Little River , which flows into the Tambo River at Ensay from the north, and the Timbarra River, which comes southeast of Tambo Crossing from the east. The Tambo River South Branch , which rises on the Nunniong Plains in the hills east of Bindi, flows north and meets the main river near its source. Some rivers that do not have water all year round also flow into the Tambo River, e.g. B. Swifts Creek , which comes from the north at the place of the same name, the Haunted Stream , which flows north of Tambo Crossing from the west, and some smaller streams, such as Junction Creek and Deep Creek .
ecology
At the middle course of the Tambo River at Ensay and Swifts Creek, the average annual rainfall is 500–700 mm, at the lower course at Bruthen it is 700–1000 mm. The upper reaches of the important tributary Timbarra River usually receives more rainfall. Tambo River and Timbarra River carry water relatively reliably. In the catchment area of the River Tambo and Nicholson River there are important wetlands .
flora
On the upper reaches of the rivers there are high eucalyptus forests , alpine and subalpine vegetation, while the middle and lower reaches of the Tambo River have lower mixed forests . The riparian forest vegetation in the area between Swifts Creek and Ensay consists mainly of grass and pasture , with little bank erosion or sedimentation. The alluvial forest on the steep slopes between Ensay and Bruthen is even more original; it consists of acacia , eucalyptus and other native tree species, while the introduced tree species near broods have a larger share.
fauna
The endangered Australian trout pike ( Prototroctes maraena , Australian grayling) from the New Zealand salmon family occurs in large numbers in the Tambo River. The river is also considered good fishing water for the sea bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (southern black bream). This fish was particularly found in large numbers on the lower reaches. The Macquaria colonorum (estuary perch) codfish is also common in the Tambo River. Other typical indigenous fish species of the river are the cod perch Macquaria novemaculeata (Australian bass), the short-finned eel ( Anguilla australis , genus eels ), the Schlangenaal Scolecenchelys breviceps (long-finned worm eel), eleotridae (gudgeons) and the cod perch gadopsis marmoratus ( river blackfish). Imported species are brown trout and carp .
Pollution and environmental protection
The natural state of the river has been in different sections on a large scale by foreign bodies in and entrained weeds such as willows, blackberry and Vinca impaired. Algal blooms caused by inundation have already been observed in the lower reaches and in the Gippsland lakes. Recreational boating and fishing have led to bank erosion in the lower reaches.
The Lower Tambo Landcare Group was founded in 1998 and covers an area of 10,965 hectares on the lower reaches of the Tambo River. The group aims to encourage the reintroduction of native flora on river banks, in wetlands and along roadsides, to persuade property owners to fence off endangered areas for native plant species, and to control neobiota .
history
Due to its length, the Tambo River flows through the area of at least two Aboriginal tribes . The Jaimathang tribe from the upper reaches of the Murray River conquered the upper reaches of the river and the Brabiralung tribe of the Kurnai settled on the lower reaches in the south. According to Alfred Howitt , the border between the two tribal areas was at Tongio, about 10 km north of today's Swifts Creek.
The origin of the name Tambo is not known for certain, but it is believed to be an Aboriginal name from the Jaimathang language, the meaning of which has been lost. Presumably the name simply means "fish". Reverend Friedrich Hagenauer wrote down the name of this river as the Berrawan River .
The first immigrants from Europe to follow the course of the river were probably a group led by Walter Mitchell who, in early 1839, took Aborigines on a route from the north across the Tongio Gap south of Omeo down the river valley to Bruthen and to the Gippsland lakes and back again. Around the same time, the Buckley family built a cattle breeding station in Tongio. In late 1839, Angus McMillan established a station a little further south near what is now Ensay and also used Aboriginal guides for his explorations further down the valley and a little later to other parts of Gippsland. The early explorers noted that the trails along the river and valley were often used by Aboriginal people, but on routes such as the. B. the section between Tambo Crossing and Bruthen, where the river is difficult to access, as today's main roads gave way to the mountains.
Boat traffic and fishing
The lower reaches of the Tambo River near the estuary is popular with recreational captains, but the upper and middle reaches are unsuitable for these activities because of the nature of the banks and the shallow depth and width.
Some sections of the river, again especially on the estuary, are used by recreational fishermen, but long stretches of the river are considered unsuitable for anglers because there are no fish species that can be caught. Some tributaries have stable brown trout populations, but the Tambo River itself is low in trout south of Bindi today, although the fish population was substantial until 1974. In the absence of physical barriers to the fish from spreading, it is believed that natural chemicals from some of the river's sources poison certain fish populations, such as the trout. Another reason could be the high water temperatures in summer because a few trout were found in the Tambo River in the cooler months.
administration
The Tambo River catchment area is administered by the East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority . The East Gippsland Region Water Authority takes care of the use of the river for drinking water and the Gippsland & Southern Rural Water Authority and the irrigation of adjacent agricultural land. A division of the Victoria State Government's Department of Primary Industries , Fisheries Victoria, DPI is responsible for fish stocks and fisheries policy.
The city of Swifts Creek supplies water from the river. River water is also used in brood, also by some private users along the river.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d 8438 Omeo, Victoria, Topographic Map . National Topographic Map Series. Commonwealth of Australia (1982)
- ↑ Google Maps - Get Directions . Google Maps (2009)
- ↑ a b Nicholson / Tambo Map . East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Tambo River Basin 23 . Department of Primary Industries. The State of Victoria
- ↑ a b c d e f Vicroads Country Street Directory of Victoria . 4th edition. Royal Automobile Club of Victoria. Noble Park VIC (2000). ISSN 1329-5284
- ^ A b c d e Health of Lower Reaches of Rivers . East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 324 kB)
- ↑ a b c Angling Waters of the Tambo River Basin 23 . Department of Primary Industries. The State of Victoria (1996-2009)
- ↑ a b Nicholson / Tambo Catchments . East Gippsland Catchment Management Authority ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2011 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Lower Tambo Landcare Group . Landcare East Gippsland. Department of Sustainability an Environment ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c P. D. Gardner: Names of the Great Alpine Road Between Bairnsdale an Omeo . Ngarak Press. Ensay VIC (1997). Pp. 40-42
- ^ PD Gardner: Names of the Great Alpine Road Between Bairnsdale an Omeo . Ngarak Press. Ensay VIC (1997). Pp. 24-25
