Tembotrion

Structural formula
General
Surname	Tembotrion
other names	2- [2-chloro-4- (methylsulfonyl) -3 - [(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methyl] benzoyl] cyclohexane-1,3-dione
Molecular formula	C 17 H 16 ClF 3 O 6 S
Brief description	beige, yellow powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	608-879-8
ECHA InfoCard	100.132.963
PubChem	11556911
Wikidata	Q2372037
properties
Molar mass	440.81 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	1.56 g cm −3
Melting point	115 ° C
solubility	71 g l −1 (in water ); 47.6 g l −1 (in hexane ); 180.2 g l −1 (in ethyl acetate );
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 361d-410-373-317
	P: 280-302-352-333-313-362-364-501
Toxicological data	> 2500 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Tembotrione is a chemical compound from the triketone group. It is used as a herbicide in agriculture .

use

Tembotrion is used as a herbicide in maize cultivation. The target organisms for Tembotrion are annual monocotyledon and dicotyledon weeds .

effect

The mode of action of Tembotrion is assigned to the HRAC group F2. The herbicides of the HRAC group F2 inhibit the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the target organisms .

Carotenoids play an important role in photosynthesis . They serve as accessory pigments . In the absence of these pigments, the light-harvesting complexes in the chloroplasts , the site of photosynthesis, are no longer effectively able to absorb different wavelengths , causing photosynthesis to decrease. In addition to the function of light absorption, the carotenoids in fruits and flowers also serve as colorants . Furthermore, carotenoids have the property of counteracting the photoinduced formation of reactive oxygen species . In this way, carotenoids protect the chlorophyll , which is responsible for the green color of leaves , from photooxidative destruction.

Tembotrione inhibits the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) . HPPD catalyzes a chemical reaction in the biosynthesis of plastoquinones , which act as cofactors for phytoene desaturase (PDS) . PDS, in turn, is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids which, due to the inhibition of HPPD and the resulting lack of cofactors, is unable to catalyze the further course of the carotenoid reaction.

In the presence of tembotrione, plants can no longer produce the vital carotenoids. This leads to the death of the organism. Due to the absence of carotenoids, more reactive oxygen compounds occur, which ensure that the chlorophylls in the plant are oxidized and the green color decreases. This is why herbicides that inhibit carotenoid synthesis are also known as bleach herbicides.

In addition tembotrione inhibits the biosynthesis of α-tocopherol, which include Vitamin E belongs. The α-tocopherols have the property of protecting the leaf tissue from very strong solar radiation.

Purchasable products

The following products are available in Germany that use the active ingredient tembotrione:

Laudis ^®
Laudis ^® flat share

Admission

Tembotrion has been approved in the EU since May 1, 2014 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Entry on Tembotrione in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 2, 2018(JavaScript required) .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Entry on Tembotrion in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB) of the University of Hertfordshire , accessed on February 2, 2018.

↑ Entry on Tembotrion in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 12, 2018. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

↑ Laudis ^® safety data ^sheet . (PDF) Bayer AG , accessed February 2, 2018 . P. 2.

↑ ^a ^b Instructions for use for Laudis ^® . (PDF) Bayer AG , accessed on February 3, 2018 . P. 1.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Thomas Seitz, Michael G. Hoffmann, Hansjörg Krähmer: Herbicides for agriculture: chemical weed control . In: Chemistry in our time, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2013, DOI: 10.1002 / ciuz.200300279 , pp. 116–119.

↑ Hans-Walter Heldt, Birgit Piechulla: Plant biochemistry . Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-662-44398-9 , pp. 54-60.

^ ^A ^b Hans-Walter Heldt, Birgit Piechulla: Plant biochemistry . Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015, DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-662-44398-9 , pp. 407-411.

↑ List of approved plant protection products from the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety , last accessed on February 3, 2018.

↑ General Directorate Health and Food Safety of the European Commission: Entry on Tembotrione in the EU pesticide database ; Entry in the national list of plant protection products in Germany ; accessed on February 3, 2018.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Entry on Tembotrione in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 2, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[PPDB-2] Entry on Tembotrion in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB) of the University of Hertfordshire , accessed on February 2, 2018.

[CLP_100.132.963-3] Entry on Tembotrion in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 12, 2018. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .