Herbicide Resistance Action Committee
The HRAC ( Herbicide Resistance Action Committee ) is an association of various companies to develop measures against herbicide resistance.
The HRAC is supported by CropLife International (formerly GIFAP and GPFC). Today's members are Arysta LifeScience , BASF , Bayer CropScience , Corteva , FMC , Makhteshim Agan (Adama), Syngenta and Sumitomo Chemical .
aims
The primary goal of HRAC is to make the handling of herbicides more effective. To this end, knowledge is to be promoted and cooperation and communication between farmers, the government and the plant protection industry are promoted. In concrete terms this means:
- A responsible attitude in the application should be achieved.
- HRAC aims to promote research, conferences and seminars on herbicide resistance.
- The consequences and reasons for herbicide resistance should be made familiar to all involved.
- Herbicide resistance management systems are to be set up and incorporated into all important practical instructions.
- Communication between industry representatives is to be improved.
- Private and public research work should be coordinated.
HRAC code
Herbicidal active ingredients are divided into the following groups:
code | Mechanism of action | Active ingredient group | Risk of selection of resistant biotypes with frequent use of preparations with the same mechanism of action | Example active ingredients | Sample products |
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A. | Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCase inhibitors) | Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) | very high | Clodinafop propargyl |
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Cyhalofop-butyl | |||||
Diclofop-methyl |
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Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl |
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Fluazifop-P-butyl | Fusilade Max | ||||
Haloxyfop -P-methyl | Gallant | ||||
Propaquizafop | Agile | ||||
Quizalofop -P-ethyl / -tefuryl |
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Cyclohexanedione (DIM) | Alloxydim |
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Butroxydim |
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Clethodim | Select | ||||
Cycloxydim | Focus Ultra | ||||
Profoxydim |
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Sethoxydim |
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Tepraloxydim | Aramo | ||||
Tralkoxydim |
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Phenylpyrazolines (DEN) | Pinoxades | Axially | |||
B. |
Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors
(ALS inhibitors / AHAS inhibitors) |
Sulfonylureas | high | Amidosulfuron | Hoestar |
Azimsulfuron | |||||
Bensulfuron-methyl |
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Chlorimuron-ethyl |
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Chlorsulfuron |
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Cinosulfuron | |||||
Cyclosulfamuron | |||||
Ethametsulfuron-methyl | Salsa | ||||
Ethoxysulfuron | |||||
Flazasulfuron | Chikara, katana | ||||
Foramsulfuron | MaisTer | ||||
Flupyrsulfuron-methyl- Na | Ciral (with metsulfuronmethyl ), Lexus | ||||
Halosulfuron-methyl |
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Imazosulfuron | Brazzos | ||||
Iodosulfuron | Atlantis (with mesosulfuron ), hussar | ||||
Mesosulfuron | |||||
Metsulfuronmethyl | Accurate, Finy, Gropper, in Acupro / Alliance | ||||
Nicosulfuron | Accent, Motivell | ||||
Oxasulfuron | |||||
Primisulfuron-methyl |
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Prosulfuron | Exceed, Peak, in Casper (with Dicamba) | ||||
Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl |
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Rimsulfuron | Cato, |
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Sulfometuron-methyl |
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Sulfosulfuron | Monitor, Olanda | ||||
Thifensulfuron-methyl | Concert, Harmony, |
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Triasulfuron |
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Tribenuron-methyl |
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Trifloxysulfuron sodium |
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Triflusulfuron-methyl | Debut | ||||
Tritosulfuron | Biathlon, Arrat (with Dicamba ) | ||||
Imidazolines | Imazamethabenz-methyl |
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Imazamox |
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Imazapic |
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Imazapyr |
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Imazaquin |
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Imazethapyr |
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Triazolopyrimidines | Florasulam | Primus | |||
Metosulam |
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Penoxsulam | in falcon | ||||
Pyroxsulam | Broadway (with Florasulam) | ||||
Cloransulam-methyl |
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Diclosulam |
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Flumetsulam |
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Pyrimidinyl (thio) benzoates | Bispyribac sodium |
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Pyribenzoxime | |||||
Pyriftalid | |||||
Pyriminobac-methyl | |||||
Pyrimisulfane |
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Pyrithiobac sodium |
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Sulfonyl-amino-carbonyl-triazolinones | Propoxycarbazone sodium | Attribute, caliban (with iodosulfuron ) | |||
Flucarbazone Sodium | |||||
Thiencarbazon-methyl | Adango (with isoxaflutole ) | ||||
C1 | Photosystem II inhibitor (PS inhibitor) | Triazines | medium to high | Atrazine |
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Ametryn |
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Cyanazine |
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Desmetryn |
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Dimethametryn |
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Dipropetryn |
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Methoprotryn |
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Prometon |
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Prometryn |
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Propazine |
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Simazine |
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Simetryn |
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Terbumetone |
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Terbuthylazine | in Gardo Gold, Gardobuc / Zeagran (with Bromoxynil ), Artett (with Bentazon ), |
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Terbutryn |
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Trietazine |
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Triazinones | Hexazinone |
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Metamitron | Goltix | ||||
Metribuzin |
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Triazolinones | Amicarbazone | ||||
Thymine / uracil herbicides | Lenacil |
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Bromacil |
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Terbacil |
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Pyridazinones | Chloridazon = Pyrazon | Betoxon, Pyramin | |||
Phenyl carbamates | Phenmedipham , Desmedipham | Betasana (both), Betanal (both), Powertwin (with Ethofumesat ) | |||
C2 | Photosystem II inhibitor (PS inhibitor) | Phenylureas | medium to high | DCMU |
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Isoproturon | IPU, Arelon Top | ||||
Buturon |
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Chlorobromuron |
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Chlortoluron (CTU) | Dicuran, etc. | ||||
Chloroxuron |
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Dimefuron | |||||
Fenuron |
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Fluometuron (also F3) |
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Linuron |
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Methabenzthiazuron |
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Metobromuron |
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Metoxuron |
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Monolinuron |
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Neburon |
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Siduron |
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Thiadiazolylureas | Buthiuron | ||||
Ethidimuron |
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Tebuthiuron |
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Thiazafluron |
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Thidiazuron |
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Amides (anilides) | Pentanochlor |
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Propanil |
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C3 | Photosystem II inhibitor (PS inhibitor) | Nitriles | medium to high | Bromfenoxime | |
Bromoxynil |
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Ioxynil |
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Benzothiadiazoles | Bentazone | Artett (with terbuthylazine ), |
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Phenylpyridazine | Pyridafol | ||||
Pyridate | Lentagran | ||||
D. | Electron uptake in photosystem I | Bipyridines | low | Diquat | Reglone |
Paraquat | Gramoxone | ||||
E. | Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors (PPO Inhibitors) | Diphenyl ether herbicides | medium | Acifluorfen -Na |
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Bifenox | Fox | ||||
Chlomethoxyfen |
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Fluoroglycofen-ethyl |
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Fomesafen |
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Halosafen | |||||
Lactofen |
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Oxyfluorfen | goal | ||||
Phenylpyrazoles | Fluazolate | ||||
Pyraflufen-ethyl | Quickdown | ||||
N -phenylphthalimide | Cinidon-ethyl | lotus | |||
Flumioxazin | Sumimax | ||||
Flumiclorac-pentyl |
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Thiadiazoles | Fluthiacet-methyl |
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Oxadiazoles | Oxadiazon |
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Oxadiargyl |
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Triazolinones | Azafenidin | ||||
Carfentrazone-ethyl | Arthur (with Metsulfuronmethyl ), Oratio | ||||
Sulfentrazone | |||||
Pyrimidinediones | Benzfendizone | ||||
Butafenacil | As part of |
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Other | Flufenpyr-ethyl | ||||
Pyraclonil | |||||
Profluazole | |||||
F1 chlorotics (Bleach) |
Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis: phytoene desaturase inhibitors (PDS inhibitors) | Pyridazine | medium | Norflurazon |
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Pyridinecarboxamides | Diflufenican | Fenican (with isoproturon ) | |||
Picolinafen | Pico | ||||
Other | Beflubutamide | BeFlex, Herbaflex, Trioflex | |||
Fluorochloridone |
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Flurtamone | Bacara (with diflufenican) | ||||
Fluridon | |||||
F2 chlorotics (Bleach) |
Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors) | Triketones | medium | Mesotrione | Callisto |
Sulcotrione | mikado | ||||
Tembotrion | Laudis | ||||
Topramezone | Clio | ||||
Isoxazole | Isoxachlortol | ||||
Isoxaflutole |
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Pyrazoles | Benzofenap | ||||
Pyrazolynate | |||||
Pyrazoxyfen | |||||
Other | Benzobicyclone (bicyclopyrone) | in Acuron | |||
F3 chlorotics | Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis: unknown point of attack | Triazoles | medium | Amitrole |
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Diphenyl ether herbicides | Aclonifen | Bandur | |||
Nitrofen |
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F4 chlorotics | Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase inhibitor (DOXP inhibitor) | Isoxazolidinones | medium | Clomazone | Centium, Cirrus, |
G | 5-enolpyrovylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP inhibitors) | Amino acid derivatives: glycine derivative | low to medium | glyphosate | Roundup |
H | Glutamate ammonium ligase inhibitors | Amino acid derivative: phosphinic acid derivatives | low to medium | Glufosinate | Basta (Europe), Liberty (USA) |
Bialaphos | |||||
I. | Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors (DHP inhibitors) | Carbamates | Asulam |
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K1 | Microtubule inhibitors | Dinitroaniline | low | Benfluralin (Benefin) |
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Butraline |
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Dinitramine |
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Ethalfluralin |
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Cursed chlorine |
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Oryzalin |
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Pendimethalin | Activus, Stomp, Malibu (with Flufenacet ), Orbit (with Cinidon-ethyl ), Picona (with Picolinafen ), |
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Profluralin |
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Trifluralin |
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Pyridines | Dithiopyr |
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Thiazopyr | |||||
Benzamides | Propyzamid = Pronamid | Groove, herbenta, notch | |||
Tebutam |
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Benzoic acids | DCPA |
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Phosphoramidates | Amiprophos-methyl | ||||
Butamifos |
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unclassified | Cell cycle inhibitors | Flamprop-M-methyl |
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Protein - Phosphatase 2A inhibitors (inhibitors of the cell cycle signaling pathway) | Dicarboxylic acids | Endothal |
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K2 | Microtubule Organization Inhibitors | Carbamates | low | Barban |
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Carbetamide |
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Chlorpropham | CIPC, Gro-Stop, Keimstop, Neonet, |
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Propham |
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K3 | Fatty acid synthesis inhibitors ( VLCFA inhibitors) | Chloracetamides / Chloracetanilides | low | Acetochlor |
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Alachlor |
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Butachlor |
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Dimethachlor | Brasan | ||||
Dimethenamid -P |
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Metazachlor | Butisan, Fuego | ||||
S- metolachlor |
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Pethoxamide | Successor 600 | ||||
Pretilachlor |
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Propachlor |
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Propisochlor |
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Thenyl chlorine |
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Acetamide | Diphenamide |
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Napropamide | Devrinol | ||||
Naproanilide | |||||
Oxyacetamides | Flufenacet | Cadou, Herold (with Diflufenican ), Artist (with Metribuzin ), Teramo (with Metosulam ) | |||
Mefenacat | |||||
Tetrazolinones | Fentrazamide |
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Ipfencarbazon | |||||
Phosphorodithioates | Anilofos |
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Piperophos |
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Pyroxasulfone |
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L. | Cell wall inhibitor (cellulose synthesis inhibitor / CBI) | Benzamides | Isoxaben | Flexidor | |
Nitriles | Chlorothiamide |
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Dichlobenil |
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Triazolocarboxamides | Flupoxam | ||||
Alkyl azines | Indaziflam | Alion | |||
Triaziflam | |||||
M. | Decoupling / membrane destruction | Dinitrophenols | DNOC |
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Dinoseb |
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Dinoterb |
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N | Lipid synthesis inhibitors, except A | Thiocarbamates | low | Butylate |
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Cycloate |
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Dimepiperate |
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EPTC |
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Esprocarb |
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Molinate |
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Orbencarb |
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Pebulate |
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Prosulfocarb | boxer | ||||
Thiobencarb = Benthiocarb |
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Triallate |
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Vernolate |
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Benzofurans | Benfuresat |
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Ethofumesate | Tramat, Powertwin (with Phenmedipham ) | ||||
Phosphorodithioates | Bensulide |
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Chlorocarboxylic acids | Trichloroacetic acid | ||||
2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DPA) |
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O | Growth substances | Phenoxycarboxylic acids (phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids) | impossible | 2,4-D |
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2,4-DB |
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Dichloroprop | Duplosan DP | ||||
2,4,5-T |
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MCPA | U 46 M, |
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MCPB |
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Mecoprop (MCPP) | Duplosan KV, |
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Benzoic acids | Chloramben |
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Dicamba | Banvel | ||||
Pyridinecarboxylic acids / | Aminopyralid |
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Clopyralid | Effigo, Lontrel, Vivendi, Runway (with Aminopyalid and Picloram) | ||||
Fluroxypyr | Flurane, Fluroxane, Fluxyr, Follow, Galarane, Lodin, Pyrat, Starane | ||||
Picloram | in Effigo, Tordon | ||||
Triclopyr | in Ranger (with Fluroxypr), Garlon, Topper | ||||
Quinoline carboxylic acids | Quinclorac |
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Quinmerac | in Butisan Top, Clearfield-Vantiga u. A. | ||||
Other | Benazolin |
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P | Auxin transport inhibitors | Phthalamates | Naptalam |
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Semicarbazone | Diflufenzopyr | ||||
Z | Mode of action unknown | Arsenates | Sodium methyl arsenate |
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Pyrazolium derivatives | Difenzoquat |
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Dithiocarbamates | Dazomet |
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Metam sodium |
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Pelargonic acid | |||||
Not yet classified | Tyrosine aminotransferase inhibitors | Epoxies | Cinmethyline |
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Methiozoline | PoaCure |
Application of the classification in Germany
This table provides an overview of which herbicides can be used in which crops.
Culture | A. | B. | C. | E. | F. | G | H | K | N | O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grain | Fenoxaprop, Clodinafop, Pinoxaden | all approved sulfonylureas | Isoproturon, Chlortoluron, Ioxynil + Dichlorprop, Beflubutamide + Ioxynil + Mecoprop | Flumioxazin, Cinidon-ethyl, Bifenox, Carfentrazone-ethyl | Diflufenican, flurtamone, picolinafen | Flufenacet, Pendimethalin | Prosulfocarb | 2,4-D; Dichlorprop, MCPA, fluroxypyr | ||
Rapeseed, beets, potatoes, legumes | Fluazifop, Propaquizafop, Quizalofop, Clethodim | Metamitron, metribuzin | Bifenox | Clomazone | Glufosinate | Flufenacet, Dimethachlor, Dimethenamid, Metazachlor, Napropamid, Carbetamid | Prosulfocarb, ethofumesate | Clopyralid, quinmerac | ||
Corn | Tepraloxydim | Nicosulfuron, Tritosulfuron, Rimsulfuron, Foramsulfuron | Terbuthylazine | all triketones | Flufenacet, Metolachlor, Pethoxamide | |||||
Special crops | Tepraloxydim | glyphosate |
Related organizations
WeedScience , an international cooperation of over 80 scientists, maintains a database of documented herbicide resistance .
Web links
- official website
- 2010 World of Herbicides poster . (PDF; 297 kB) Overview of herbicide groups
Individual evidence
- ↑ Members at hracglobal.com. Accessed August 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Table with HRAC codes AELF Bayern ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (offline).
- ^ Classification of Herbicides (official) .
- ↑ HRAC Classification of Herbicides and Resistance Development (PDF; 170 kB).
- ↑ Use herbicides skillfully ( Memento from August 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) 2/2010
- ^ The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds (description), portal with database.