Insecticide Resistance Action Committee
The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee ( IRAC ) is an association of various companies to develop measures against insecticide resistance.
The president is Russell Slater. Member companies include Adama , AgBiTech , BASF , Bayer CropScience , Corteva , FMC Corporation , Mitsui , Monsanto , Nihon Nōyaku , Sumitomo Chemical , Syngenta . The IRAC is divided into 10 working groups.
The first meeting of the IRAC took place in 1984 with one representative each from Ciba-Geigy , American Cyanamid , FMC, ICI , Hoechst and Bayer .
IRAC code
The insecticidal active ingredients are divided into the following groups:
- 1-5, 9, 14, 19, 22, 29-30, 32: nervous system
- 6, 28: nervous system and muscle contraction
- 7, 10, 15-18: growth regulation
- 11, 31: digestive system
- 12–13, 20–21, 24–25: energy metabolism
- 23: Fatty acid synthesis and growth regulation
All T, T + or GHS06 classified chemicals are bold
code | Mechanism of action | Active ingredient group or representative active ingredient | Active ingredients (* = prohibited according to the Stockholm Convention ) | Sample products |
---|---|---|---|---|
1A | Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChE Inhibitors) | Carbamates | Alanycarb , aldicarb , bendiocarb , benfuracarb , Butocarboxim , Butoxycarboxim , carbaryl , carbofuran , carbosulfan , ethiofencarb , fenobucarb (BPMC), formetanate , furathiocarb , isoprocarb , methiocarb , methomyl , metolcarb , oxamyl , pirimicarb , propoxur , thiodicarb , thiofanox , triazamate , trimethacarb , XMC , xylylcarb | Temik (Aldicarb), Metacil ( Aminocarb ), Ficam, Garvox, Multamat, Turcam (Bendiocarb), Drawin 755 (Butocarboxim), Dicarb, Sevin (Carbaryl), Carbosip, Furadan (Carbofuran), Marshak (Carbosulfan), Baycarb (Fenobucarb) , Carzol, Dicarzol (Formetanat), Mesurol (Methiocarb), Lannat, Nudrin (Methomyl), Vydate (Oxamyl), Pirimor (Pirimicarb) , Aprocarb, Baygon (Propoxur), Aztec (Triazamate) |
1B | Phosphoric acid ester (organophosphate) | Acephate , azamethiphos , azinphos-ethyl , azinphos-methyl , cadusafos , chlorethoxyfos , chlorfenvinphos , chlormephos , chlorpyrifos , chlorpyrifos-methyl , coumaphos , cyanophos , demeton-S-methyl , diazinon , dichlorvos , dicrotophos , dimethoate , dimethylvinphos , disulfoton , EPN , ethion , ethoprophos , Famphur , fenamiphos , fenitrothion , Fenthion , fosthiazate , heptenophos , Imicyafos , isofenphos , isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylic acid , isoxathion , malathion , mecarbam , methamidophos , methidathion , mevinphos , monocrotophos , naled , omethoate , oxydemeton-methyl , parathion , parathion methyl , phenthoate , phorate , phosalone , phosmet , phosphamidon , phoxim , pirimiphos-methyl , profenophos , propetamphos , prothiofos , pyraclofos , pyridafenthion , quinalphos , sulfotep , tebupirimfos , temephos , terbufos , tetrachlorvinphos , thiometon , triazophos , trichlorfon , vamidothion | E605, Folidol ( Parathion ), Gusathion (Azinphosmethyl), Fortress, SmartChoice (Chlorethoxyphos), Birlane (Chlorfenvinphos), Dursban, Lorsban, Reldan (Chlorpyrifos), Asuntol, Perizin (Coumaphos), Basudin, Dimpylat, Oleo- ( Dedevap, Mafu, Nogos, Vapona, Atgard, Fekama (Dichlorvos), Bi 58, Rogor, Perfection, Lizetan (Dimethoat), Systox (Demethon-S), Metasystox (Demeton-S-methyl), Disyston (Disulfoton), Mocap ( Ethoprophos), Nemacur (Fenamiphos), Baytex, Entex, Lebaycid (Fenthion), Nemathorin (Fosthiazat), Cythion (Malathion), Ultracid (Methidathion), PD 5 (Mevinphos), Azodrin (Monocrotophos), Dibroma (Naled), Folimat Omethoat), Elsan (Phenthoat), Thimet, Agrimet (Phorat), Rubitox (Phosalon), Dimecron (Phosphamidon), Imidan (Phosmet), Baythion (Phoxim), Bladafum (Sulfotepp), Abate (Temephos), Counter (Terbufos), Rabon, Stirofos (Tetrachlorvinphos), Dipterex, Neguvon (Trichlorfon) | |
2A | GABA- triggered chloride channel blockers | Cyclodienes / chlorinated hydrocarbons | Chlordane * | |
Endosulfan * | Thiodane | |||
2 B | Phenylpyrazoles | Ethiprole | ||
Fipronil | Regent, Termidor | |||
3A | Sodium channel - modulators | Pyrethroids | Acrinathrin , Allethrins , bifenthrin , bioallethrin , bioresmethrin , cycloprothrin , cyfluthrin , cyhalothrin , cypermethrin , cyphenothrin , deltamethrin , empenthrin , esfenvalerate , etofenprox , fenpropathrin , fenvalerate , flucythrinate , flumethrin , fluvalinate , halfenprox , imiprothrin , kadethrin , permethrin , phenothrin , prallethrin ( ETOC), pyrethrin , resmethrin , silafluofen , tefluthrin , tetramethrin (phthalthrin), tralomethrin , transfluthrin | Talstar (Bifenthrin), Baythroid, Bulldock (Cyfluthrin), Karate Zeon , Trafo (Cyhalothrin), Cymbush, Fastac, Fury (Cypermethrin), Decis (Deltamethrin), Asana, Sumialpha (Esfenvalerat), Trebon (Etofenprox), Sumialaticidin) , Danitol (Fenpropathrin), Cybolt (Flucythrinat), Mavrik (Fluvalinat), Cyprene, Sirbon (Halfenprox), Ambush (Permethrin), Neopynamine (Tetramethrin) |
3B | DDT & methoxychlor | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane * (DDT) , methoxychlor | Gesarol | |
4A | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - agonists (nAChR agonists) | Neonicotinoids | Acetamiprid | Mospilan |
Clothianidin | poncho | |||
Dinotefuran | ||||
Imidacloprid | Confidor , gaucho | |||
Nitenpyram | Capstar | |||
Thiacloprid | Calypso , Biscay | |||
Thiamethoxam | Cruiser | |||
4B | nicotine | Nicotine | Black Leaf 40/155 | |
4C | Sulfoximines | Sulfoxaflor | Closer, transform | |
4D | Butenolide | Flupyradifuron | Sivanto | |
4E | mesoionic compounds | Triflumezopyrim | ||
5 | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -allosteric activators (nAChR activators) | Spinosyne | Spinetoram | |
Spinosad | Spin Gate | |||
6th | Activators of the glutamate-activated chloride channels (GluCl activators) | Avermectins | Abamectin , emamectin , lepimectin | Vertimec |
Milbemycine | Milbemectin | |||
7A | Juvenile hormone analogues | Juvenile hormone analogs | Hydroprene , Kinoprene , Methoprene | |
7B | Fenoxycarb | Fenoxycarb | Insegar | |
7C | Pyriproxyfen | Pyriproxyfen | Nylar | |
8A | Multi-acting inhibitors | Alkyl halides | Bromomethane etc. | |
8B | Chloropicrine | Chloropicrine | Dorochlor | |
8C | Fluoride | Sulfuryl fluoride | Vikane, Zythor | |
Cryolite | ||||
8D | borax | Borax , boric acid , sodium octaborate , sodium metaborate | ||
8E | Emetic tartar | Potassium antimonyl tartrate | ||
9B | Modulators of the TRPV channels in the chordotonal organ | Pyridine azomethine | Pymetrozine | plenum |
Pyrifluquinazone | ||||
9D | Pyropenes | Afidopyropen | ||
10A | Mite growth inhibitors (acts on chitin synthase CHS1) | Tetrazines , thiazolidines | Clofentezine ( cross resistance between clofentezine and hexythiazox ) | Apollo |
Hexythiazox | Metacar, Ordoval | |||
Diflovidazine | ||||
10B | Etoxazole | Etoxazole | Borneo, swing | |
11A | Microbial midgut membrane -Zerstörer | Bacillus thuringiensis and their insecticidal proteins | Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. israelensis , aizawai , kurstaki , tenebrionis | XenTari ( aizawai ), Dipel ( kurstaki ), Novodor ( tenebrionis ) |
Bt proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1 |
||||
11B | Bacillus sphaericus | Bacillus sphaericus | ||
12A | Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor | carbodiimide precursor | Diafenthiuron | Pegasus, polo |
12B | Organotin compounds | Azocyclotine | ||
Cyhexatin | Dowco 213 | |||
Fenbutatin oxide | Benamon, Torque | |||
12C | Sulfite ester | Propargite | Omite, committee | |
12D | Tetradifon | Tetradifon | Tedion | |
13 | Interruption of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient | Chlorfenapyr | Mythic, phantom | |
2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNOC) | Antinonnin | |||
Sulfluramide [fluorine insecticide] | Finitron | |||
14th | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker (nAChR channel blocker) | Nereistoxin Analogs | Bensultap | Bancol |
Cartap | Padan | |||
Thiocyclam | Evisect | |||
Thiosultap | ||||
15th | Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors ( chitin inhibitors ) by inhibiting the chitin synthase CHS1 | Benzoylureas | Bistrifluron | |
Chlorfluazuron | ||||
Diflubenzuron | Dimilin | |||
Flucycloxuron | ||||
Flufenoxuron | Cascade | |||
Hexaflumuron | Consult, Truneno | |||
Lufenuron | match | |||
Novaluron | ||||
Noviflumuron | ||||
Teflubenzuron | Nomolt | |||
Triflumuron | ||||
16 | Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors ( chitin inhibitors ) type 1 | Buprofezin | Buprofezin | Applaud |
17th | Molt breaker (two-winged) | Cyromazine | Cyromazine | Larvadex, Neoprex, Trigard, Vetrazine |
18th | Ecdyson agonists | Diacylhydrazines | Chromafenocide | Matric |
Halofenocide | ||||
Methoxyfenocide | Runner | |||
Tebufenocide | Mimic | |||
19th | Octopamine receptor agonists | Formamidine | Amitraz | Mitac |
20A | Complex III: cytochrome c reductase inhibitors | Hydramethylnon | Hydramethylnon | Amdro, Combat, Faslane, Maxforce |
20B | Acequinocyl | Acequinocyl | Kanemite | |
20C | Fluacrypyrim | Fluacrypyrim | Titaron | |
20D | Bifenazate | Bifenazate | Floramite | |
21A | Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase inhibitors | METI insecticides ( Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors ) | Fenazaquin | Magister |
Fenpyroximate | Kiron | |||
Pyrimidifes | Masai | |||
Pyridaben | Nexter, Sanmite | |||
Tebufenpyrad | Oscar | |||
Tolfenpyrad | Apta, Torac | |||
21B | Rotenone | Rotenone | Sicid | |
22A | Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers | Oxadiazines | Indoxacarb | steward |
22B | Semicarbazone | Metaflumizone | Alverde | |
23 |
Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors (ACC Inhibitors) /
Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors (LBI) |
Tetronic acid and tetramic acid derivatives | Spirodiclofen | Envidor |
Spiromesifen | Oberon | |||
Spiropidion | ||||
Spirotetramat | Movento | |||
24A | Complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors | Phosphines |
Aluminum phosphide calcium phosphide zinc phosphide |
|
24B | Cyanide |
Calcium cyanide Potassium cyanide Sodium cyanide |
||
25A | Complex II: succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor | β-ketonitrile derivatives | Cyenopyrafen | |
Cyflumetofen | Sultan, Nealta | |||
25B | Carboxanilides | Pyflubumid | ||
28 | Ryanodine Receptor Modulators | Diamide | Chlorantraniliprole | Rynaxypyr, Altacor, Coragen |
Cyantraniliprole | Cyazypyr, Exirel, Fortenza | |||
Cyclaniliprole | ||||
Flubendiamid | Belt | |||
Tetraniliprole | ||||
29 | Chordotonal organ modulators (unknown starting point) | Flonicamid | Flonicamid | Teppeki |
30th | GABA receptor modulators | Meta-diamide | Broflanilide | |
Isoxazolines | Fluxametamide | |||
31 | Baculoviruses | Granuloviruses (GVs) |
Cydia pomonella GV
Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV |
|
Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) |
Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV
Helicoverpa armigera NPV |
|||
32 | Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) - Allosteric Modulator at Site II | GS-Omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide | GS-Omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide | |
U.N. | unknown mechanism of action | Azadirachtin | ||
Benzoximate | ||||
Bromopropylate | Neoron, Acarol, Folbex VA | |||
Quinomethionate | ||||
Dicofol | Kelthan | |||
Sulfur lime | ||||
Mancozeb | ||||
Pyridalyl | ||||
sulfur | ||||
UNB | unknown mechanism of action (bacterial substances) |
Burkholderia spp. Wolbachia pipientis (Zap) |
||
UNE | unknown mechanism of action (herbal substances) |
Mexican goosefoot (extract) fatty acid monoesters of glycerine and propanediol neem oil |
||
UNF | unknown mechanism of action (substances from fungi) |
Beauveria bassina strains Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97 |
||
UNM | unspecific mechanical disruptors | Kieselguhr | ||
UNP | Peptides with an unknown mechanism of action | |||
UNV | unknown mechanism of action (viral substances) |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Executive Team
- ↑ Our Sponsors
- ↑ a b IRAC overview & update on activities
- ↑ Official classification version 9.3 (June 2019) .
- ^ Horst Börner: Plant diseases and plant protection . Springer DE, 2009, ISBN 3-540-49067-1 , pp. 592 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ DuPont Insecticides .