Insecticide Resistance Action Committee

The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee ( IRAC ) is an association of various companies to develop measures against insecticide resistance.

The president is Russell Slater. Member companies include Adama , AgBiTech , BASF , Bayer CropScience , Corteva , FMC Corporation , Mitsui , Monsanto , Nihon Nōyaku , Sumitomo Chemical , Syngenta . The IRAC is divided into 10 working groups.

The first meeting of the IRAC took place in 1984 with one representative each from Ciba-Geigy , American Cyanamid , FMC, ICI , Hoechst and Bayer .

IRAC code

The insecticidal active ingredients are divided into the following groups:

1-5, 9, 14, 19, 22, 29-30, 32: nervous system
6, 28: nervous system and muscle contraction
7, 10, 15-18: growth regulation
11, 31: digestive system
12–13, 20–21, 24–25: energy metabolism
23: Fatty acid synthesis and growth regulation

All T, T + or GHS06 classified chemicals are bold

code	Mechanism of action	Active ingredient group or representative active ingredient	Active ingredients (* = prohibited according to the Stockholm Convention )	Sample products
1A	Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChE Inhibitors)	Carbamates	Alanycarb , aldicarb , bendiocarb , benfuracarb , Butocarboxim , Butoxycarboxim , carbaryl , carbofuran , carbosulfan , ethiofencarb , fenobucarb (BPMC), formetanate , furathiocarb , isoprocarb , methiocarb , methomyl , metolcarb , oxamyl , pirimicarb , propoxur , thiodicarb , thiofanox , triazamate , trimethacarb , XMC , xylylcarb	Temik (Aldicarb), Metacil ( Aminocarb ), Ficam, Garvox, Multamat, Turcam (Bendiocarb), Drawin 755 (Butocarboxim), Dicarb, Sevin (Carbaryl), Carbosip, Furadan (Carbofuran), Marshak (Carbosulfan), Baycarb (Fenobucarb) , Carzol, Dicarzol (Formetanat), Mesurol (Methiocarb), Lannat, Nudrin (Methomyl), Vydate (Oxamyl), Pirimor (Pirimicarb) , Aprocarb, Baygon (Propoxur), Aztec (Triazamate)
1B	Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (AChE Inhibitors)	Phosphoric acid ester (organophosphate)	Acephate , azamethiphos , azinphos-ethyl , azinphos-methyl , cadusafos , chlorethoxyfos , chlorfenvinphos , chlormephos , chlorpyrifos , chlorpyrifos-methyl , coumaphos , cyanophos , demeton-S-methyl , diazinon , dichlorvos , dicrotophos , dimethoate , dimethylvinphos , disulfoton , EPN , ethion , ethoprophos , Famphur , fenamiphos , fenitrothion , Fenthion , fosthiazate , heptenophos , Imicyafos , isofenphos , isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylic acid , isoxathion , malathion , mecarbam , methamidophos , methidathion , mevinphos , monocrotophos , naled , omethoate , oxydemeton-methyl , parathion , parathion methyl , phenthoate , phorate , phosalone , phosmet , phosphamidon , phoxim , pirimiphos-methyl , profenophos , propetamphos , prothiofos , pyraclofos , pyridafenthion , quinalphos , sulfotep , tebupirimfos , temephos , terbufos , tetrachlorvinphos , thiometon , triazophos , trichlorfon , vamidothion	E605, Folidol ( Parathion ), Gusathion (Azinphosmethyl), Fortress, SmartChoice (Chlorethoxyphos), Birlane (Chlorfenvinphos), Dursban, Lorsban, Reldan (Chlorpyrifos), Asuntol, Perizin (Coumaphos), Basudin, Dimpylat, Oleo- ( Dedevap, Mafu, Nogos, Vapona, Atgard, Fekama (Dichlorvos), Bi 58, Rogor, Perfection, Lizetan (Dimethoat), Systox (Demethon-S), Metasystox (Demeton-S-methyl), Disyston (Disulfoton), Mocap ( Ethoprophos), Nemacur (Fenamiphos), Baytex, Entex, Lebaycid (Fenthion), Nemathorin (Fosthiazat), Cythion (Malathion), Ultracid (Methidathion), PD 5 (Mevinphos), Azodrin (Monocrotophos), Dibroma (Naled), Folimat Omethoat), Elsan (Phenthoat), Thimet, Agrimet (Phorat), Rubitox (Phosalon), Dimecron (Phosphamidon), Imidan (Phosmet), Baythion (Phoxim), Bladafum (Sulfotepp), Abate (Temephos), Counter (Terbufos), Rabon, Stirofos (Tetrachlorvinphos), Dipterex, Neguvon (Trichlorfon)
2A	GABA- triggered chloride channel blockers	Cyclodienes / chlorinated hydrocarbons	Chlordane *
2A		Cyclodienes / chlorinated hydrocarbons	Endosulfan *	Thiodane
2 B		Phenylpyrazoles	Ethiprole
2 B		Phenylpyrazoles	Fipronil	Regent, Termidor
3A	Sodium channel - modulators	Pyrethroids	Acrinathrin , Allethrins , bifenthrin , bioallethrin , bioresmethrin , cycloprothrin , cyfluthrin , cyhalothrin , cypermethrin , cyphenothrin , deltamethrin , empenthrin , esfenvalerate , etofenprox , fenpropathrin , fenvalerate , flucythrinate , flumethrin , fluvalinate , halfenprox , imiprothrin , kadethrin , permethrin , phenothrin , prallethrin ( ETOC), pyrethrin , resmethrin , silafluofen , tefluthrin , tetramethrin (phthalthrin), tralomethrin , transfluthrin	Talstar (Bifenthrin), Baythroid, Bulldock (Cyfluthrin), Karate Zeon , Trafo (Cyhalothrin), Cymbush, Fastac, Fury (Cypermethrin), Decis (Deltamethrin), Asana, Sumialpha (Esfenvalerat), Trebon (Etofenprox), Sumialaticidin) , Danitol (Fenpropathrin), Cybolt (Flucythrinat), Mavrik (Fluvalinat), Cyprene, Sirbon (Halfenprox), Ambush (Permethrin), Neopynamine (Tetramethrin)
3B	Sodium channel - modulators	DDT & methoxychlor	*Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)** , methoxychlor	Gesarol
4A	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor - agonists (nAChR agonists)	Neonicotinoids	Acetamiprid	Mospilan
			Clothianidin	poncho
			Dinotefuran
			Imidacloprid	Confidor , gaucho
			Nitenpyram	Capstar
			Thiacloprid	Calypso , Biscay
			Thiamethoxam	Cruiser
4B		nicotine	Nicotine	Black Leaf 40/155
4C		Sulfoximines	Sulfoxaflor	Closer, transform
4D		Butenolide	Flupyradifuron	Sivanto
4E		mesoionic compounds	Triflumezopyrim
5	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -allosteric activators (nAChR activators)	Spinosyne	Spinetoram
5		Spinosyne	Spinosad	Spin Gate
6th	Activators of the glutamate-activated chloride channels (GluCl activators)	Avermectins	Abamectin , emamectin , lepimectin	Vertimec
6th		Milbemycine	Milbemectin
7A	Juvenile hormone analogues	Juvenile hormone analogs	Hydroprene , Kinoprene , Methoprene
7B		Fenoxycarb	Fenoxycarb	Insegar
7C		Pyriproxyfen	Pyriproxyfen	Nylar
8A	Multi-acting inhibitors	Alkyl halides	Bromomethane etc.
8B		Chloropicrine	Chloropicrine	Dorochlor
8C		Fluoride	Sulfuryl fluoride	Vikane, Zythor
8C		Fluoride	Cryolite
8D		borax	Borax , boric acid , sodium octaborate , sodium metaborate
8E		Emetic tartar	Potassium antimonyl tartrate
9B	Modulators of the TRPV channels in the chordotonal organ	Pyridine azomethine	Pymetrozine	plenum
9B		Pyridine azomethine	Pyrifluquinazone
9D		Pyropenes	Afidopyropen
10A	Mite growth inhibitors (acts on chitin synthase CHS1)	Tetrazines , thiazolidines	Clofentezine ( cross resistance between clofentezine and hexythiazox )	Apollo
			Hexythiazox	Metacar, Ordoval
			Diflovidazine

10B		Etoxazole	Etoxazole	Borneo, swing
11A	Microbial midgut membrane -Zerstörer	Bacillus thuringiensis and their insecticidal proteins	Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. israelensis , aizawai , kurstaki , tenebrionis	XenTari ( aizawai ), Dipel ( kurstaki ), Novodor ( tenebrionis )
11A		Bacillus thuringiensis and their insecticidal proteins	Bt proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1
11B		Bacillus sphaericus	Bacillus sphaericus
12A	Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor	carbodiimide precursor	Diafenthiuron	Pegasus, polo
12B		Organotin compounds	Azocyclotine
			Cyhexatin	Dowco 213
			Fenbutatin oxide	Benamon, Torque
12C		Sulfite ester	Propargite	Omite, committee
12D		Tetradifon	Tetradifon	Tedion
13	Interruption of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient		Chlorfenapyr	Mythic, phantom
			2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNOC)	Antinonnin
			Sulfluramide [fluorine insecticide]	Finitron
14th	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blocker (nAChR channel blocker)	Nereistoxin Analogs	Bensultap	Bancol
			Cartap	Padan
			Thiocyclam	Evisect
			Thiosultap
15th	Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors ( chitin inhibitors ) by inhibiting the chitin synthase CHS1	Benzoylureas	Bistrifluron
			Chlorfluazuron
			Diflubenzuron	Dimilin
			Flucycloxuron
			Flufenoxuron	Cascade
			Hexaflumuron	Consult, Truneno
			Lufenuron	match
			Novaluron
			Noviflumuron
			Teflubenzuron	Nomolt
			Triflumuron
16	Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors ( chitin inhibitors ) type 1	Buprofezin	Buprofezin	Applaud
17th	Molt breaker (two-winged)	Cyromazine	Cyromazine	Larvadex, Neoprex, Trigard, Vetrazine
18th	Ecdyson agonists	Diacylhydrazines	Chromafenocide	Matric
			Halofenocide
			Methoxyfenocide	Runner
			Tebufenocide	Mimic
19th	Octopamine receptor agonists	Formamidine	Amitraz	Mitac
20A	Complex III: cytochrome c reductase inhibitors	Hydramethylnon	Hydramethylnon	Amdro, Combat, Faslane, Maxforce
20B		Acequinocyl	Acequinocyl	Kanemite
20C		Fluacrypyrim	Fluacrypyrim	Titaron
20D		Bifenazate	Bifenazate	Floramite
21A	Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase inhibitors	METI insecticides ( Mitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors )	Fenazaquin	Magister
			Fenpyroximate	Kiron
			Pyrimidifes	Masai
			Pyridaben	Nexter, Sanmite
			Tebufenpyrad	Oscar
			Tolfenpyrad	Apta, Torac
21B		Rotenone	Rotenone	Sicid
22A	Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers	Oxadiazines	Indoxacarb	steward
22B	Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers	Semicarbazone	Metaflumizone	Alverde
23	Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors (ACC Inhibitors) / Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors (LBI)	Tetronic acid and tetramic acid derivatives	Spirodiclofen	Envidor
			Spiromesifen	Oberon
			Spiropidion
			Spirotetramat	Movento
24A	Complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors	Phosphines	Aluminum phosphide calcium phosphide zinc phosphide
24B	Complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors	Cyanide	Calcium cyanide Potassium cyanide Sodium cyanide
25A	Complex II: succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor	β-ketonitrile derivatives	Cyenopyrafen
25A		β-ketonitrile derivatives	Cyflumetofen	Sultan, Nealta
25B		Carboxanilides	Pyflubumid
28	Ryanodine Receptor Modulators	Diamide	Chlorantraniliprole	Rynaxypyr, Altacor, Coragen
			Cyantraniliprole	Cyazypyr, Exirel, Fortenza
			Cyclaniliprole
			Flubendiamid	Belt
			Tetraniliprole
29	Chordotonal organ modulators (unknown starting point)	Flonicamid	Flonicamid	Teppeki
30th	GABA receptor modulators	Meta-diamide	Broflanilide
30th	GABA receptor modulators	Isoxazolines	Fluxametamide
31	Baculoviruses	Granuloviruses (GVs)	Cydia pomonella GV Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV
31	Baculoviruses	Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs)	Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV Helicoverpa armigera NPV
32	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) - Allosteric Modulator at Site II	GS-Omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide	GS-Omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide
U.N.	unknown mechanism of action		Azadirachtin
			Benzoximate
			Bromopropylate	Neoron, Acarol, Folbex VA
			Quinomethionate
			Dicofol	Kelthan
			Sulfur lime
			Mancozeb
			Pyridalyl
			sulfur
UNB	unknown mechanism of action (bacterial substances)		Burkholderia spp. Wolbachia pipientis (Zap)
UNE	unknown mechanism of action (herbal substances)		Mexican goosefoot (extract) fatty acid monoesters of glycerine and propanediol neem oil
UNF	unknown mechanism of action (substances from fungi)		Beauveria bassina strains Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus Apopka strain 97
UNM	unspecific mechanical disruptors		Kieselguhr
UNP	Peptides with an unknown mechanism of action
UNV	unknown mechanism of action (viral substances)

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ Executive Team
↑ Our Sponsors
↑ ^a ^b IRAC overview & update on activities
↑ Official classification version 9.3 (June 2019) .
^ Horst Börner: Plant diseases and plant protection . Springer DE, 2009, ISBN 3-540-49067-1 , pp. 592 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ DuPont Insecticides .

[1] Executive Team

[2] Our Sponsors

[struct-3] IRAC overview & update on activities

[4] Official classification version 9.3 (June 2019) .

[Horst_Börner-5] Horst Börner: Plant diseases and plant protection . Springer DE, 2009, ISBN 3-540-49067-1 , pp. 592 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[6] DuPont Insecticides .