Fungicide Resistance Action Committee

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The FRAC ( Fungicide Resistance Action Committee ) is an association of various companies to strengthen measures against fungicide resistance .

aims

  • Recognize and predict resistance problems
  • Bundle and disseminate information on resistance
  • Establish guidelines for preventing resistance
  • Establish rules for fungicide resistance studies
  • Increase cooperation with universities, authorities, PSM consultants, sellers and farmers

Members

The companies Adama , Bayer CropScience , Cheminova , Dow , DuPont , FMC , Isagro , KI Chemical ( Kumiai - Ihara ) and Syngenta are members of FRAC International.

FRAC code

The fungicides are divided into the following groups according to their mode of action:

  • A: nucleic acid synthesis
  • B: mitosis
  • C: breathing
  • D: protein synthesis
  • E: signal transmission
  • Q: Fatty Acid Synthesis and Membranes
  • G: sterol synthesis
  • H: cell wall (chitin synthesis)
  • I: Melanin synthesis in the cell wall
  • P: resistance induction ( host plant defense induction )
  • M: multiple effects
  • U: Unknown aiming mechanism
code attackpoint Active ingredient group Risk of selection of resistant biotypes with frequent use of preparations with the same mechanism of action Example active ingredients Example products (/ = no longer permitted)
A1 phenylamides (PA) RNA polymerase I. Acylalanines high Benalaxyl Galben, Tairel , in Fantic F / M
Furalaxyl Fonganil, fungarid
Metalaxyl (= mefenoxam) Ridomil (Metalaxyl-M)
Oxazolidinones Oxadixyl Sandofan
Butyrolactones Ofurace Ortho 20615
A2 Hydroxy (2-amino) pyrimidines Adenosine deaminase Hydroxy (2-amino) pyrimidines medium Bupirimate Nimrod
Dimethirimol Milcurb
Ethirimol Milstem, Milgo
A3 heteroaromatics DNA / RNA synthesis Isoxazole none Hymexazole Tachigars
Isothiazolinones Octylisothiazolinone
A4 carboxylic acids Topoisomerase II ( gyrase inhibitor ) Carboxylic acids not clear Oxolinic acid
B1 MBC fungicides : negative cross-resistant to B2 β-tubulin / inhibition of the spindle apparatus Benzimidazoles very high Benomyl Agrocit, Benlate, Benosan, Fundazol, Tersan
Carbendazim Aagrano, Harvesan, Bavistin, Derosal, Thicoper
Fuberidazole in many stains, voronite
Thiabendazole Arbotect, Mertect, Tecto
Thiophanates Thiophanate methyl and ethyl Cercobin, Don Q, Topsin
Sample zimidazole Anthelmintics ad us. vet.
B2 N-phenylcarbamate : negative cross-resistance to B1 β-tubulin / inhibition of the spindle apparatus N -phenyl carbamates high Diethofencarb Sumico
B3 benzamides / thiazolecarboxamide β-tubulin / inhibition of the spindle apparatus Toluamides low to medium Zoxamide in Electis (with Mancozeb ), Zoxium
Ethylaminothiazolecarboxamides Ethaboxam
B4 phenylureas Cell division Phenylureas none Pencycuron (fusarium stain) Monceren
B5 benzamides spectrin -Delokalisation Pyridine methylbenzamides none Fluopicolide in Infinito (with Propamocarb )
B6 cyanoacrylates Actin / myosin / fimbrin function Aminocyanoacrylates medium to high Phenamacril
C1 complex I inhibitors Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase Pyridinamines none Diflumetorim Pyricut
Pyrazole-5-carboxamides Tolfenpyrad
C2 SDHI / SDH inhibitors Complex II: succinate dehydrogenase Benzanilides (phenylbenzamides) medium to high Benodanil Calirus
Flutolanil Moncut
Mepronil Basitac
Phenyloxoethylthiophenamides Isofetamide
Pyridinylethylbenzamides Fluopyram Luna Privilege / Experience
Furancarboxamides Fenfuram Panorama
Oxathiine carboxamides Carboxin Arbosan (with Imazalil), Kemikar, Vitavax
Oxycarboxin Plantvax
Thiazolecarboxamides Thifluzamide Greatam
Pyrazole-4-carboxamides Benzovindiflupyr
Bixafen in Aviator / Input / Skyway Xpro (with prothioconazole )
Fluxapyroxad Adexar (with epoxiconazole )
Furametpyr Limber
Isopyrazam Seguris (with epoxiconazole )
Penflufen Emesto, EverGol
Penthiopyrad Fontelis, Vertisan
Sedaxane in vibrance gold
Pyrazole carboxamides Pydiflumetofen Adepidyn
Pyridinecarboxamides Boscalid Cantus, Champion, Signum (with pyraclostrobin)
C3 QoI fungicides / strobilurins Complex III: cytochrome c reductase at the Qo site Methoxy acrylates high Azoxystrobin Amistar, Ortiva
Coumoxystrobin
Enoxastrobin
Flufenoxystrobin
Picoxystrobin Acanto
Methoxycarbamates Pyraclostrobin Convertible
Pyrametostrobin
Triclopyricarb (Tricyclopyricarb)
Oximino acetate Kresoxim-methyl Stroby, Discus
Trifloxystrobin Twist / Gem / Swift, Flint
Oximino-acetamides Dimoxystrobin as an admixture in Cantus / Swing Gold
Fenamistrobin
Metominostrobin
Orysastrobin
Oxazolidine dione Famoxadone in Charisma, Equation Pro and Tanos
Dihydro-dioxazines Fluoxastrobin in EfA
Imidazolines Fenamidon in Fenomenal (with Fosetyl-aluminum ), Sereno
Benzyl carbamates Pyribencarb Fantasista
C4 QiI fungicides Complex III: cytochrome c reductase at the qi site Cyano imidazoles unknown, accepted as medium to high Cyazofamide Mildicut, Ranman
Sulfamoyl triazoles Amisulbrom Leimay
C5 decoupler Interruption of oxidative phosphorylation dinitrophenyl crotonate none Binapacryl Acricid, dapacryl
Meptyldinocap Karathane, Kindred
Dinocap Arcotan
Dinitrophenols Dinobuton Design
2,6- dinitroaniline Fluazinam (fusarium stain) Shirlan
C6 organozinc compounds Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation Triphenyltin compounds low to medium Fentin acetate , fentin hydroxide Brestan
C7 thiophenecarboxamides ATP production in the mitochondria Thiophenecarboxamides low Silthiofam Latitude
C8 QoSI fungicides Complex III: cytochrome c reductase at the Qo site, stigmatellin subunit; no cross-resistance to group C3 Triazole pyrimidylamines assumed: medium to high Ametoctradin only as an admixture
D1 AP fungicides Methionine synthase Anilino pyrimidines medium Cyprodinil
Chorus, Kayak, Radius, Switch (with Fludioxonil), Unix
Mepanipyrim Frupica
Pyrimethanil Scala
D2 antibiotics Protein synthesis low to medium Blasticidin S.
D3 antibiotics Protein synthesis Hexopyranosyls medium Kasugamycin
D4 antibiotics Protein synthesis Glucopyranosyls high Streptomycin
D5 antibiotics Protein synthesis Tetracyclines high Oxytetracycline
E1 quinolines (azanapthalenes) Signal transmission (exact mechanism unknown) Quinolines medium Quinoxyfen Arius, Fortress
Proquinazid Talendo, Talius
E2 PP fungicides MAP kinases in the signal chain: os-2, HOG-1 Phenylpyrroles low to medium Fenpiclonil Beret, Galbas
Fludioxonil (standard fusarium stain) Celest, in Landor and Switch
E3 dicarboximides MAP kinases in the signal chain: os-1, Daf-1 Dicarboximide medium to high Iprodion in Paroli, Rovral
Chlozolinate Serinal
Procymidone Sumisclex, Sumilex
Vinclozolin Ronilan, Ornilan
Dimethachlone
F1 no longer forgiven
F2 Phospholipid synthase, methyltransferase Phosphorothiolates low to medium Ditalimfos Leucon, Frutogard, Laptran, Plondrel
Edifenphos Hinosan
Iprobefos Kitazin
Pyrazophos Afugan, Curamil
Dithiolanes Isoprothiolane Fuji-one
F3 AH fungicides and heteroaromatics Lipid peroxidation Aromatics low to medium Biphenyl
Chloroneb Demosan
Diclorane (DCNA) Botran, Allison, Resiran, Ditranil
Quintozen (PCNB) Botrilex, Tritisan, Folosan, Terrachlor
Tecnazen (TCNB) Foloran, Fusarex
Tolclofos-methyl Rizolex
1,2,4-thiadiazoles Etridiazole Terrazole
F4 carbamates Cell membrane permeability Carbamates low to medium Iodocarb (IPBC)
Propamocarb Previcur N, in tattoo
Prothiocarb Previcur
F5 today H5
F6 microbes Cell membranes Bacillus none Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST 713
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB 24
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747
Serenade MAX (QST 713), Taegro (FZB24)
Bacillus pumilus GB34 Sonata (GB34)
F7 plant extracts Cell membranes Terpenes none Australian tea tree extract ( Melaleuca alternifolia ) Timorex gold
G1 DMI fungicides (SBI class I)

/ Conazole

C14 demethylase in sterol synthesis ( erg11 / cyp51 ) Piperazine medium Triforine Funginex
Pyridines Pyrifenox Rondo, Dorado
Pyrisoxazole Junsiqi
Pyrimidines Fenarimol Rubigan
Nuarimol Trimidal
Imidazoles Imazalil (enilconazole) Fungazil
Oxpoconazole Alshine
Pefurazoate Healthied
Prochloraz Cirkon, Mirage, Sportak, in Ampera (with tebuconazole)
Triflumizole Condor, Duotop, Trifmine
Triazoles Azaconazole Rodewood, Safetroy
Bitertanol Baycor, Sibutol
Bromuconazole granite
Cyproconazole radius
Diclobutrazole Vigil
Difenoconazole Score, in Spyrale (with fenpropidin )
Diniconazole Spotless
Epoxiconazole opus
Etaconazole Sonax, Vangard
Fenbuconazole Indar
Fluconazole (antifungal) Diflucan
Fluotrimazole Persulon
Fluquinconazole flamenco
Flusilazole Capitan, Nustar
Flutriafol Impact
Hexaconazole Anvil
Imibenconazole Manage
Ipconazole Techlead
Itraconazole (antifungal medicine) Sporanox
Metconazole Caramba
Myclobutanil Systhane
Penconazole topaz
Propiconazole Desmel, tilt
Simeconazole Mongarit, Sanlit
Tebuconazole Folicur, many stains
Tetraconazole Emerald, eminent
Triadimephone Bayleton
Triadimenol Bayfidan, Baytan
Triticonazole real
Triazolinthione Prothioconazole Proline
G2 amines (SBI class II) Sterol-Δ14-reductase and sterol-Δ8 / 7-isomerase ( erg24, erg2 ) Morpholines low to medium
Aldimorph
Dodemorph Meltatox, Milban
Fenpropimorph in Brio, Diamant, Juwel and Opus Top, purely in Corbel
Tridemorph Calixin
Piperidines Fenpropidin in Agent, Gladio and Spyrale
Piperalin
Spiroketalamines Spiroxamine Impulse , input, prosper
G3 SBI class III 3-keto reductase / demethylation at C4 ( erg27 ) Hydroxanilides low to medium Fenhexamid Teldor
Aminopyrazolinones Fenpyrazamine Prolectus
G4 SBI class IV Squalene epoxidase ( erg1 ) Thiocarbamates none Pyributicarb
Allylamines Naftifin , terbinafine for medical use only
H4 polyoxines Chitin synthase Nucleosides medium Polyoxines
H5 CAA fungicides (carboxylic acid amides) Cellulose synthase Cinnamic acid amides low to medium Dimethomorph in Zampro (with Ametoctradin ), Forum, DMM
Flumorph
Pyrimorph
Valinamides, carbamates Benthiavalicarb Valbon
Iprovalicarb in Melody Combi (with Folpet )
Valifenalat Valis
Mandelic acid amides Mandipropamid Revus, Pergado
I1 MBI-R (melanin biosynthesis inhibitors - reductase) Reductase in melanin biosynthesis Isobenzofuranones none Phthalide
Pyrroloquinolines Pyrochilon
Triazolobenzothiazoles Tricyclazole
I2 MBI-D (Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors - Dehydratase) Dehydratase in melanin biosynthesis Cyclopropanecarboxamides medium Carpropamide Arcado, Zabara, Solaza
Carboxamides Diclocymet Delaus
Propionamide Fenoxanil
I3 MBI-P (melanin biosynthesis inhibitors - polyketide synthase) Polyketide synthase in melanin biosynthesis Trifluoroethyl carbamate none Tolprocarb
P1 Benzothiadiazole (BTH) Salicylic acid synthesis Benzothiadiazoles none Acibenzolar , Acibenzolar- S- methyl Bion
P2 Benzisothiazolinone Benzisothiazolinone none Probenazole Oryzemate
P3 thiadiazolecarboxamides Thiadiazolecarboxamides none Isotianil Stout, routine
Tiadinil V-get
P4 polysaccharides Polysaccharides none Laminarin
P5 plant extract complex mixture none Reynoutria sachalinensis extract
Unknown Cyanohydroxyiminoacetamides low to medium Cymoxanil Curzate , admixed in many preparations
Unknown Phosphonates low Fosetyl-Al Aliette
Phosphoric acid and salts
Unknown Benzotriazines none Triazoxide in EfA
Unknown Benzenesulfamides Flusulfamide Nebijin
U6 Amidoximes at Sphaerotheca Cyflufenamid Vegas
U8 Actin destruction (suggested) Benzophenones medium Metrafenone Flexity, Vivando
Benzene pyridines Pyriofenone Property
U12 Cell membrane destruction (suggested) Guanidine salts low to medium, in Venturia inaequalis Dodin Syllite
U13 Cyano-methylene-thiazolidines Flutianil
U14 (formerly C5) Pyrimidine hydrazones Ferimzon
U15 Oxystyrene binding protein inhibition (suggested) Piperidinylthiazolisoxazolines Oxathiapiproline
U16 Cytochrome c reductase , unknown starting point 4-quinolylacetate Tebufloquin
U17 Tetrazoyloxime Picarbutrazox
U18 (formerly H3) Trehalase Glucopyranosyl antibiotics none Validamycine
M1 Multiple effects inorganic assumed to be low Copper salts: copper oxychloride , copper (II) hydroxide , copper octanoate , copper sulfate , copper (I) oxide Funguran, Cuprozin, Cueva, Cuproxate
M2 Network sulfur Tiovit, Stulln etc.
M3 Dithiocarbamates Mancozeb Dithane NeoTec, M 70
Maneb Dithane M-22 , Trimangol, Vondac
Metiram Polyram, in convertible top (with pyraclostrobin )
Ferbam Fermata
Propineb Antracol
Thiram Arasan, Fernasan , Flowsan, Thiram 80
Zineb Dithane Z-78, Parzate
Ziram Fuklasin
M4 Phthalimides Captan Malvin, Merpan
Folpet Folpan
Captafol Difolatan
M5 Chloronitrile Chlorthalonil (fusarium stain) Bravo, Echo, Daconil, Repulse
M6 Sulfamides (sulfuryldiamide) Dichlofluanid Euparen
Tolylfluanid Preventol A 5 (wood preservative), Baymat , Euparen M
M7 Until guanidine Guazatin , iminoctadine (fusarium pickling) Panoctin 70, Zardex W
M8 Triazines Anilazine Direz, Dyrene
M9 Anthraquinones Dithianon Aktuan, Delan
M10 Quinoxalines Quinomethionate Forstan, Morestan
M11 Maleimide Fluorimide Spat, Spartcide
M12 Polypeptides ( lectin ) White Lupine Extract ("BLAD")

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. FRAC Presentation 2014
  2. ^ Organization of the FRAC
  3. FRAC Code List 2016 ( Memento of the original from July 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frac.info