Meadow flax leaf
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Meadow flax leaf ( Thesium pyrenaicum ) |
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The Meadow thesium ( Thesium pyrenaicum ), also Meadow Vermeinkraut or Pyrenean Vermeinkraut called, is a plant from the genus thesium ( Thesium ) within the family of santalaceae (Santalaceae). It is widespread in Central and Southwestern Europe mainly in the mountains.
description
The meadow flax leaf is a deciduous, light green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. It has obliquely upright stems that are more or less curved at the base.
The flowering period extends from June to August. The inflorescence is all-round. The hermaphrodite flower is usually five-fold. The tube of the greenish-white flower envelope is about as long as the curled petals . The fruit-bearing branches are more or less horizontal and are longer than the fruit. There are walnut fruits formed.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.
ecology
The meadow flax leaf is a hemicryptophyte . This semi-parasite (semi-parasite) draws water and nutrient salts from the xylem of the host plant through subterranean suction organs, so-called haustoria .
From an ecological point of view, these are inconspicuous "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The nectar is given off in abundance from the inner flower cup . Bees serve as pollinators , but self-pollination also occurs. After the anthesis , the remaining flower cover is only rolled up at the tip.
The 5 to 6 millimeter long diaspore (unit of extent), which falls slightly during the ripening period from August to September, consists of a small nut fruit , the elaiosome emerging from the flower stalk and the perigone that remains . Ants spread ( myrmecochory ), possibly spreading as a roll fruit.
Occurrence and endangerment
The meadow flax leaf is widespread in Central, Southeast and Southwest Europe. There are localities from Portugal and Spain through France to Belgium , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , the Czech Republic , Poland , Slovakia , Slovenia , Croatia and Italy .
The main areas of distribution are in the mountains. It grows on mountain meadows and grasslands , but also on semi-arid grassland . The meadow flax leaf thrives best on fresh, moderately alkaline , mostly lime and nutrient-poor loam soil . It grows in Central Europe in societies of the order Nardetalia, but also occurs in societies of the order Arrhenatheretalia or the association Mesobromion. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of around 2000 meters.
It is rare in Germany and was rated “endangered” on the Red List of Endangered Plant Species of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation in 1996.
Systematics and taxonomy
The first publication of Thesium pyrenaicum was in 1788 by Pierre André Pourret . A synonym for Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr. is Thesium pratense Ehrh. The specific epithet pyrenaicum means "from the Pyrenees".
One can distinguish between two subspecies:
- Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr. subsp. pyrenaicum
- Thesium pyrenaicum subsp. grandiflorum (A. DC.) Hendrych (Syn .: Thesium pratense var. grandiflorum A. DC. , Thesium pyrenaicum subsp. alpestre O. Schwarz ): It occurs in Italy, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia.
literature
- Hans-Joachim Zündorf, Karl-Friedrich Günther, Heiko Korsch, Werner Westhus (eds.): Flora of Thuringia. The wild fern and flowering plants of Thuringia . Weissdorn, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-936055-09-2 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
- Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr., Pyrenean vermicelli. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)
- Radovan Hendrych: Thesium L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 85 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 323.
- ^ Thesium pyrenaicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 432.
Web links
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Meadow flax leaf . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Thesium pyrenaicum Pourr. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 4, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Data sheet with photos.
- Wanted poster with photos.
- Data sheet with distribution in Portugal and photos at flora-on .