Thunberg barberry
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Thunberg barberry ( Berberis thunbergii ) |
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The Berberis thunbergii ( Berberis thunbergii ), and Green Hedge Barberry called, is a plant from the family of Barberry (Berberidaceae). Berberis thunbergii is native to Japan and China and was brought to Europe in the 18th century by the Swede Carl Peter Thunberg .
description
The undemanding, deciduous (deciduous) shrub can reach a height of up to 2 meters. It grows upright and is densely branched and thorny.
The leaves are light green on top and bluish green on the underside , obovate, with entire margins and about 1 to 3 cm long. Their autumn color ranges from bright orange to carmine red. The leaf spines are usually simple and 5 to 15 mm long.
The small, shell-like flowers (pale yellow, reddish on the outside) are usually clustered individually or in pairs. The Thunberg barberry flowers from April to May.
The elongated light red berries appear in autumn .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
Multiplication
Berberis thunbergii can be propagated generatively as well as vegetatively .
The seeds are sown or stratified immediately after harvest and applied in spring.
The vegetative propagation takes place in December to March by lignified or semi-lignified cuttings of about 12 cm in length. The shorter thorns are removed and the wood is placed in a light substrate that must never dry out.
Diseases and pests
Berberis thunbergii can occasionally be attacked by aphids or powdery mildew. In contrast to Berberis vulgaris , it is not an intermediate host of the cereal rust fungus.
Toxins, effects, symptoms
Like all types of barberry, the Thunberg barberries contain the alkaloid berberine mainly in leaves, bark and roots . The uptake can lead to gastric discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, shortness of breath, seizures and even kidney inflammation.
use
Its flowers, the different leaf colors and the berries that appear in autumn lead to the use of the many varieties of Thunberg barberry as ornamental shrubs in gardens and parks. They also serve as a bee pasture .
Varieties and hybrids
- Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' (blood barberry), in culture since 1913. Medium-high, densely branched, upright shrub. Height 2 - 3 m, width 2 - 3 m. Leaf color, red to purple-red, most intense color during shoots. Red carmine in autumn.
- Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana' (Small Blood Barberry), originated in the Netherlands in 1942
- Berberis thunbergii 'Aurea', cultivated since 1950
- Berberis thunbergii 'Bagatelle' (cross between Berberis thunbergii 'Kobold' and Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana'), since 1971
- Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' Synonym for Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Dart's Red Lady'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Erecta'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Little Favorite' Synonym for Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea Nana'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Golden Ring', since 1950
- Berberis thunbergii 'Green Carpet'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Harlequin', since 1969
- Berberis thunbergii 'Helmond Pillar'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Keller's Surprise'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Kelleriis', from Denmark
- Berberis thunbergii 'Kobold', bred in the Netherlands in 1950
- Berberis thunbergii 'Pink Queen', bred in the Netherlands before 1958
- Berberis thunbergii 'Red Chief', 1942, Netherlands
- Berberis thunbergii 'Red Pillar'
- Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow', bred in the Netherlands in 1957
- Berberis thunbergii 'Silver Beauty'
- Berberis thunbergii var. Maximowiczii
The hybrid between Berberis thunbergii and Berberis vulgaris is known as Berberis × ottawensis , the hybrid between Berberis thunbergii and Berberis julianae as Berberis × mentorensis .
Similarity to Berberis vulgaris
The main difference between the two plant species is that Berberis thunbergii has smaller, more rounded leaves and Berberis vulgaris has larger, serrated leaves.
literature
- John Kelly, John Hillier (Ed.): The Hillier Trees & Shrubs . 1st edition Thalacker-Medien, Braunschweig 1997, ISBN 3-87815-086-5 .
- Jost Fitschen (greeting), Franz H. Meyer (editing): Wood flora . 11th ext. and corrected edition Source & Meyer, Wiebelsheim, 2002, ISBN 3-494-01268-7 .
- Robert Zander : Zander. Concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold . 16th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-5080-8 (text in German and English).
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Könemann Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-8290-0868-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Berberis thunbergii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Berberis thunbergii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- www.baumkunde.de - Thunbergs barberry.