U 584
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U 584 ( previous / next - all submarines ) |
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| Type : | VII C |
| Field Post Number : | 05 347 |
| Shipyard: | Blohm & Voss in Hamburg |
| Construction contract: | January 8, 1940 |
| Build number: | 084 |
| Keel laying: | October 1, 1940 |
| Launch: | June 26, 1941 |
| Commissioning: | August 21, 1941 |
| Commanders: |
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| Flotilla: |
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| Calls: | 10 patrols |
| Sinkings: |
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| Whereabouts: | sunk in the North Atlantic on October 31, 1943 |
U 584 was a German type VII C submarine . This class of submarines was also called "Atlantic boat". It was used by the Kriegsmarine during the submarine war in the North Sea and the North Atlantic .
Technical specifications
A Type VII C submarine had a length of 67 m and a displacement of 865 m³ under water. It was propelled over water by two diesel engines that ensured a speed of 17 knots . Two electric motors produced a speed of 7 knots under water. Until 1944, the armament consisted of an 8.8 cm cannon and a 2.0 cm flak on deck as well as four bow torpedo tubes and a stern torpedo tube.
Commitment and history
During the first half of its service, U 584 was mainly used against allied convoys of the North Sea . Four enemy voyages led the boat into the North Sea. Here operated U 584 u. a. against the convoys PQ 8 and PQ 12.
The first convoy battles in the Arctic Ocean
At the turn of the year 41/42 there were only four submarines stationed in the Arctic Ocean, one of which was U 584 . It became one of the first boats to operate according to the pack tactics formulated by Karl Dönitz . The U-boat group "Ulan" patrolled from December 25, 1941 to January 25, 1942 south of Bear Island in search of northern sea convoys. During this time two Allied convoys were attacked by "Ulan". It was possible to sink a steamer with 5135 GRT from convoy PQ 7A . One of the ships in convoy PQ 8 fell victim to the submarine group. U 584 achieved no success in these two convoy battles. However, Commander Deecke managed to sink a Soviet submarine north of the Fischer Peninsula .
- Jan. 10, 1942 - A Soviet submarine M-175 with 206 t sunk
From the northern sea patrol to the Atlantic boat
In the spring of 1942, U 584 moved via Hamburg and Kiel to Brest , where the 1st U-Flotilla was stationed at that time . In the summer of 1942, U 584 drove from here on patrol into the western Atlantic and even as far as the east coast of the USA.
Spies on board
In the winter of 1941, the Abwehr decided to drop agents on the east coast of the United States to carry out acts of sabotage. In the summer of 1942 this plan was implemented as the Pastorius company . Two submarines - in addition to U 584 and U 202 - took German spies, sabotage tools and explosives on board at the end of May. U 584 landed his troop of agents at night south of Jacksonville on June 16 . On the return trip from "Operation Pastorius", Commander Deecke had sighted and attacked several ships, but could not record any success. He fired six torpedoes on a tanker on June 22nd, and an attack on a convoy sighted four days later also failed. Shortly before arriving in Brest, he identified a tanker with over 10,000 GRT and tried unsuccessfully to pursue it. U 584 returned to Brest on July 22nd.
Convoy battles in the Atlantic
The second patrol from Brest was more successful. In September 1942 the boat took part in the convoy battle against ON 127. U 584 was assigned to the “Forward” submarine group, which comprised a total of twelve submarines. On September 9th, Commander Deecke sighted the convoy, which consisted of 32 merchant ships. U 584 brought several boats up to ON 127, which attacked together on September 10 at 4.30 p.m. Commander Deecke managed two sinks.
- 11 September 1942 British tanker Empire Oil with 8029 GRT sunk ( Lage )
- September 11, 1942 Norwegian freighter Hindanger with 4884 GRT sunk ( Lage )
On December 20, 1942, Joachim Deecke was replaced as commander by Lieutenant Kurt Nölke, whose boat U 263 was badly damaged and was in the shipyard. KptLt Nölke commanded U 584 on its eighth patrol into the North Atlantic operational area. This patrol had to be stopped because of a noisy propeller shaft and was unsuccessful. KptLt Deecke took command of U 584 again on February 11, 1943 and led the boat on its ninth patrol, during which the boat was operating south of Greenland. On April 11, U 584 discovered the convoy HX 232 , kept in touch and led the boats of the “Lerche” submarine group to them. Three cargo ships were sunk from this convoy, but U 584 was unsuccessful. On the march back to the base in Brest, Commander Deecke torpedoed the two cargo steamers at the end of May.
- 5th May 1943 an American freighter West Madaket with 5565 GRT sunk ( location )
- May 5, 1943 an unidentified freighter with approx. 5000 GRT sunk reported
Sinking
On August 23, 1943, U 584 was assigned to the “Leuthen” submarine group. The North Atlantic was intended as the operational area. The boat was attacked north of the Azores on October 31 by three Avengers from the American aircraft carrier USS Card and sunk with acoustic torpedoes ( Lage ).
literature
- Clay Blair : The Submarine War. Volume 1: The Hunters. 1939-1942. Heyne, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-453-12345-X .
- Clay Blair: The Submarine War. Volume 2: The Hunted, 1942–1945. Heyne, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-453-16059-2 .
- Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 1: The German submarine commanders. ES Mittler and Son, Hamburg a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-8132-0490-1 .
- Rainer Busch, Hans-Joachim Röll: The submarine war 1939-1945. Volume 2: U-boat construction in German shipyards. ES Mittler and Son, Hamburg a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-8132-0512-6 .
- Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the naval war 1939-1945. Manfred Pawlak Verlagsges., Herrsching 1981, ISBN 3-88199-0097 .
Remarks
- ^ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the naval war 1939-1945. 1981, p. 207.
- ↑ In addition, U 134 and U 454 belonged to this "first pack".
- ↑ The letters PQ go back to the initials of the officer in the British Admiralty who was responsible for planning the convoys - Philipp Quellyn Roberts.
- ↑ Clay Blair: The Submarine War. Volume 2: The Hunted, 1942–1945. 1998, p. 226.
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